DEM DAMN BRITS History of Quebec and Canada Tutorial: The British Rule

OVERVIEW Main events and trends (by theme) Exam exercises Questions

THE BRITISH RULE

POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT 1760 – Capitulation of Montreal 1763 – New France cedes to Great Britain  French administrators, officers, traders, seigneurs leave (more than 2000 individuals) 1783 – Treaty of Paris  Loyalist influx  Strong French natural birth rate  Stagnating Aboriginal population 1791 – Constitutional Act  Creation of Upper and Lower Canada

POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT Early 19 th century  Population growth and improved transportation  Colonisation past St. Lawrence Valley 1830s – Agricultural crisis and emigration 1832 – First cholera epidemic (Grosse-Ile Quarantine Station) 1847 – Potato blight and famine in Ireland 1850s – Beginning of industrialisation in Canada

ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT 1777 – Adoption of English commercial law 1783 – Formation of the Northwest Company  Economic competition in the fur trade 1806 – French continental embargo  GB cut off from European timber 1817 – Founding of the Bank of Montreal 1825 – Opening of the Lachine Canal 1830s – Beginnings of Railways

ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT 1846 – Abolition of Corn Laws  Abolition of preferential terifs on colonial products  Economic liberalism 1852 – Creation of Grand Trunk Railway project  Made Montreal the central hub of the Canadian railway system 1854 – Reciprocity Treaty with the US

CULTURE AND CURRENTS OF THOUGHT 1776 – Opening of the Fleury Mesplet’s print shop 1778 – Fouunding of La Gazette du commerce et litturaire de Montreal 1834 – Ludger Duvernay’s founding of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste 1841 – School Act 1844 – Founding of the Institut Canadien de Montréal 1845 – Publication of Histoire de Canada

OFFICIAL POWER AND COUNTERVAILING POWERS 1763 – Royal Proclamation 1763 – Pontiac’s Revolt 1774 – Quebec Act 1832 – Act to declare persons of the Jewish Religion entitled to all rights and privileges of other subjects of His Majesty in the Province – Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada 1839 – Lord Durham’s Report 1840 – Act of Union 1848 – Application of the principle of ministerial responsibility 1849 – Burning of Parliament building in Montreal

QUESTION 1 Which of the following texts describe consequences of the British Conquest of New France?

QUESTION 2 Which two of the following documents illustrate consequences of the arrival of the Loyalists in the Province of Québec?  1796 – First Township established  1854 – Seigneurial system abolished in Canada East  1791 – Constitutional Act divides Quebec into two colonies

QUESTION 3 First half of the 19 th century  1830s Agricultural crisis/Urbanisation  1791–1840 Existence of Upper and Lower Canada  The Great Migration of Canada

QUESTION 4  Influx of English speaking population  Overpopulation of the St. Lawrence Valley

QUESTION 5 Which of the following documents depict society in Lower Canada during the first half of the 19 th century ( )?

QUESTION 6 Which of the following documents illustrates an important economic change that occurred in Lower Canada at the turn of the 19 th century?  The timber trade takes over in the early 19 th century as the main economic export

QUESTION 7 Which document represents an economic change that occurred in Lower Canada in the period between 1791 and 1840?  Rapid growth of the timber trade  Agricultural diversification

QUESTION 8 More economic freedom for the colonies (leads to political freedoms) International competition in trade (1854 Reciprocity Treaty)

QUESTION 9 How was the signature of the Reciprocity Treaty tied to the decline of British Mercantilism?  Removed protectionist measures  Easier to trade outside of the empire  Introduced free trade on specific items

QUESTION 10 Industries related to the development of large manufacturing and railways  Iron  Steel Areas  Cote-Nord  Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

QUESTION 11 A.Urbanisation B.Forming of labour unions

QUESTION 12 Quebec Act 1774  Allowed Catholic Church (Romish Religion) to resume operation  Abolished Test Act and replaced it with an oath of loyalty to the king  French Civil Law  Extended the boundaries of Quebec (Ohio Valley)

QUESTION 13 Liberal  The Parti Rouge tried, through political persuasion, to modernize Quebec society and introduced more republican reforms.  Les Rouges were also proponents of self-directed learning and opposed to the Church’s political and cultural interference.

QUESTION 14 Liberals  Ultramontanists believed that the power of the Catholic Church should predominate over that of the State. Influence in all social spheres.  Freedom of religion is not based upon the idea of multi-confessionalism, it is based upon the idea of freedom of expression and thought.

QUESTION 15 Religious Political Social

QUESTION 16 The Rebellion Losses Bill  The predominantly Tory English merchants held weeks of violent disturbances which culminated in the burning of the Parliament Building of United Canadas on 25 Apr

QUESTION 17 After the Constitutional Act of 1791 and before the establishment of Responsible Government 1848

QUESTION 18 What solution did England propose to resolve the situation?  Act of Union 1840