CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer Questions prepared by Brad Stith, University of Colorado Denver Louise Paquin, McDaniel College

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Differential gene expression (different genes turned on in different cells) leads to different tissues developing in the embryo. What are the two causes of differential gene expression?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Initially, cytoplasmic determinants are localized in one part of a zygote and could be which of the following? (Choose more than one answer.) A.gene B.mRNA C.transcription factor D.ribosome E.myoblast

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Initially, cytoplasmic determinants are localized in one part of a zygote and could be which of the following? (Choose more than one answer.) A.gene B.mRNA C.transcription factor D.ribosome E.myoblast

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Scientists showed that bicoid mRNA, and then its Bicoid protein, is normally found in highest concentrations in the fly’s anterior. Predict what would happen if Bicoid were injected at the posterior end.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Identify what is wrong in the mutant. 2. What is the cause? 3. Name the genes involved. Wild type Eye Mutant

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The shape of an organ, the number of brain cells in an embryonic brain, the removal of mutated cells, and the webbing cells between the toes of a human embryo are all regulated by which of the following? A.certain cells becoming much larger B.certain cells shrinking C.certain cells dying D.formation of embryonic cells E.concentration of Bicoid protein

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The shape of an organ, the number of brain cells in an embryonic brain, the removal of mutated cells, and the webbing cells between the toes of a human embryo are all regulated by which of the following? A.certain cells becoming much larger B.certain cells shrinking C.certain cells dying D.formation of embryonic cells E.concentration of Bicoid protein

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. True or false? An animal was first cloned around 1997.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe how frogs were first cloned; name the process and how it is achieved.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The photograph shows Rainbow and CC (CC is Rainbow’s clone). Why is CC’s coat pattern different from Rainbow’s given that CC and Rainbow are genetically identical? A.random X chromosome inactivation B.heterozygous at coat color gene locus C.environmental effects on gene expression D.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The photograph shows Rainbow and CC (CC is Rainbow’s clone). Why is CC’s coat pattern different from Rainbow’s given that CC and Rainbow are genetically identical? A.random X chromosome inactivation B.heterozygous at coat color gene locus C.environmental effects on gene expression D.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can develop into many cell types, so they may cure many diseases. However, obtaining them is controversial because they come from human embryos. How can similar cells be obtained (what source and how)?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following would not typically cause a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene? A.gene suppression B.translocation C.amplification D.point mutation E.retroviral activation

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following would not typically cause a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene? A.gene suppression B.translocation C.amplification D.point mutation E.retroviral activation

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How does the multistep model of colorectal cancer illustrate how an individual might inherit a “predisposition” for a particular type of cancer?