Friday March 18, 2016 Agenda (10) Catalyst (10) GN: Mutations (20) Snork DNA (45) GATTACA I can: explain how mutations affect protein synthesis Catalyst 1.What is an inheritance? What do you think the term “genetic inheritance” means/ 2.How does this differ from a mutation? 3.What is the polypeptide made from the DNA sequence TACCAAGTA? HW: Spring Break Packet; HeLa readings

Catalyst

Agenda Notes – Co-Dominance – Whiteboards Independent Practice Exit Ticket

Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes. complete dominance incomplete dominance co- dominance multiple alleles sex-linked

Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes.

Co-dominance is a pattern of inheritance in which both dominant alleles contribute to the phenotype. The heterozygous phenotype shows both traits. B = black W = white BWBB whiteblack erminette (black AND white) When there are two dominant alleles in one genotype, both are expressed. WW

red cow + white cow = roan cow (red and white)

B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits co- dominance. BB ? black

B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits incomplete dominance. WW ? white

B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits incomplete dominance. BW ? checkered (black and white)

R = red B = blue RR ? red Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.

R = red B = blue BB ? blue Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.

R = red B = blue RB ? red and blue Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.

R = red W = white RR ? red Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.

R = red W = white WW ? white Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.

R = red W = white RW ? roan Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.

The two alleles for fish scale color, red and yellow, are co-dominant. If a red fish mates with a speckled red-and-yellow fish, what percentage of their offspring will be yellow? Solving a Co-dominance Problem RR R YR R R R R Y R Y 1. Read the problem. Underline the known alleles. Identify the type of inheritance as co-dominance. 3. Circle and/or write down the genotypes of the parents. 4. Set up and solve Punnett Square. 5. Highlight and answer what the question is asking. 2. Choose a letter to represent each allele in the problem. Y = yellow; R = red parents: RR x RY yellow =0/4 =0%

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are red. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are pink. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are speckled pink-and- white. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A black cat mates with a white cat. All of their children are white with black spots. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A red flower is crossed with a yellow flower. All of the flowers produced are orange. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A red flower is crossed with a yellow flower. All of the flowers produced are red-and-yellow. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?

An important example of co-dominance AND multiple alleles is human blood groups. The proteins on the surface of red blood cells determine your blood type, and those are determined by genes. both A and B proteins are expressed = codominance!

Human blood type is determined by 3 alleles (2 dominant, 1 recessive): phenotypes: I A = I B = i = type A (dominant) type B (dominant) type O (recessive) Just like with any other trait, you must have two alleles for blood type. You still inherit one allele from each parent. genotypes: I A I A or I A iI B I B or I B iIAIBIAIB ii

What’s the blood type? ii type O

What’s the blood type? IAiIAi type A

What’s the blood type? IAIBIAIB type AB

What’s the blood type? IBIBIBIB type B

What’s the blood type? IAIAIAIA type A

What’s the blood type? IBiIBi type B

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: heterozygous type A IAiIAi

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: homozygous type B IAIBIAIB

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: homozygous type A IAIAIAIA

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: heterozygous type B IBiIBi

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: type O ii

Write the genotype for the phenotype described: type AB IAIBIAIB

Whiteboard Practice In peas, round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. In a cross between a homozygous round flower and a flower with wrinkled seeds, what percent of the offspring will have round seeds?

Whiteboard Practice A man with homozygous type A blood is crossed with a woman with homozygous type B blood. What blood type will their offspring have?

Agenda Notes – Co-Dominance – Whiteboards Independent Practice Exit Ticket

Independent Practice

Exit Ticket