1QQ # 3: Answer one. 1.A) Describe a situation that would lead to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. B) How does sympathetic stimulation affect the secretion from beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans? C) What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on hepatocytes? 2.After an overnight fast, a patient arrives for an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. The first blood sample (even before ingestion of the Tru-Glu cola shows a plasma glucose concentration of 150 mg/dl. A) Do you have the patient drink the Tru-Glu? Why or why not? B) What might you do next to determine what is “wrong” with your patient?

Fast if free Slow if bound Be able to give Examples. T4 to T3 and Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone Ex: Renin What happens to hormones once released?

Factors that affect hormone secretion Recall example: beta cells of Islets of Langerhans Secretion is usually pulsative, may be diurnal. Integrator! Na+, K+, Ca++, glucose, etc. NE, ACh, etc. EPI, TRH, TSH, DA, incretins, etc.

Fig Thyroid hormone stimulates production of beta-adrenergic receptors, which increases the target cell’s responsiveness to EPI. Permissive effect

Classification of Endocrine disorders Hypersecretion –Primary –Secondary Hyposecretion –Primary –Secondary Hyper-responsive target Hypo-responsive target CRH ACTH Cortisol hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Adrenal Cortex S 3

Fig a Receives input from many regions of brain; many factors Affect its function Homeostatsis center. S3

Fig b Vasopressin (= Antidiuretic hormone) Oxytocin Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis 6 S4

Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing HormoneRelease-inhibiting Hormone Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system A A S S P P PPP PP PPPP S 6

Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone Long-loop negative feedback Short-loop Neg. Feed. S 7