Session S101 Introduction to BIM – GIS Integration John Przybyla, PE, GISP, Woolpert, Inc.

National Institute of Building Sciences Public Law , Sect. 809 – Bridge between Private and Public Construction – Non-governmental – Unique 501c3 Organization – Unique in that it represents all disciplines in industry Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Insurers, Unions, Manufacturers, Legal, Housing, Vendors, Owners, Consumers, State & Federal Government, Codes & Standards, and Testing – buildingSMARTalliance is a council of the Institute – Formerly International Alliance for interoperability NIBS Related Products – – Construction Criteria Base – Whole Building Design Guide – National CAD Standard – National BIM Standard An Authoritative Source of Innovative Solutions for the Built Environment National Institute of Building Sciences

buildingSMARTalliance Relationships NIBS President buildingSMART alliance™ Staff buildingSMART International Alliance Programs Projects From all members of the Alliance External and Internal Projects Sponsors and Members External and Internal Projects NIBS Board of Directors NIBS Board of Direction

The Alliance Vision A global environment where all participants can readily and transparently share, apply and maintain information about facilities and infrastructure to enhance quality and economy of design, construction, operation and maintenance Mission Improve all aspects of the facility and infrastructure lifecycle by promoting collaboration, technology, integrated practices, and open standards

buildingSMARTalliance BIM-GIS Project

Elements of the Project Charter Spatial awareness across AEC lifecycle is defined to be critical requirement – Inside and outside of a building Identify and define requirements where convergence between geospatial and building information across the building lifecycle is needed Review and where possible adapt geospatial standards- based workflows that meet requirements, save time and effort where convergence exists Identify existing standards that are ready for immediate testing for candidate status

BIM-GIS Project Focus How can BIM applications and information seamlessly interact with geospatial information during across the lifecycle process to address requirements related to site conditions and surroundings? How can BIM and geospatial applications be used to communicate campus-wide information requirements for lifecycle facility management and operations? How can 3-D CAD and geospatial portrayal services facilitate modeling in campus-wide and facility perspectives for as-is BIM model and further extension for planning or design activities?

Committee Members Deke Smith Earle Kennett Bill East John Messner Dennis Shelden Calvin Kam Mitch Schefcik Chris Andrews Paul Cote Don Kuehne John Young Niels LaCour Alexander Stepanov Eric Wittner Louis Hecht Russ Manning Renee Tietjen Jason Combs Scott McFarlane Babak Jalalzadeh Ken Casazza Stu Rich Jaymes Cloninger Mark Butler Hector Camps Phillip Cousins Diane Davis Alan Edgar Kristine Fallon Dave Jordani Dave Morris Bill Napier Mark Reichardt Angela Lewis Kimon Onuma Clark Morgan Tim Murtha Paul Seletsky Kathy Kalscheur Louise Sabol Jeremy Hazel Michael Rendler Theresa Thompson Mohammed Biswas Peter Sforza Keith Beck Mike Parkin Joseph Mudry Horatio McDowney Steve Sims Francois Grobler Jason Mayes Brent Kastor Giovanni Migliaccio Mike McSween

BIM-GIS Interaction Issues What are the business practices where converged geospatial and AEC information can be maximized? What open standard tool sets (IFC-BIM, AECxml, GIS, CMMS, IWMS, etc.) should be used to perform what functions? Are there requirements for convergence that can only be supplied by file exchange? What message format(s) should be used for data exchange? What data standards and service interfaces exist or need to be developed? What role do web services play?

BIM Provides Benefits for Design and Construction Improved design process 3-D visualization for owner (static only) Coordination between disciplines Interference checking Facilitates energy efficiency and LEED Automated quantity take offs 4-D scheduling Improved documentation of design intent Potentially used for fabrication

Elements in BIM are Created at a High Level of Detail This data is required to convey the information needed to construct the facility. All BIM products export BIM data to and Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs)

Can We Use BIM As a Spatial Data Repository? File-based Proprietary data formats – Exports to IFC not uniform Not easily query-able across multiple facilities Not scalable to large number of users – BIM Server technology limited to design focus Limited security No clustering, failover, etc. Not a Viable Solution – Look at standards-based geospatial tools

Space Natural Asset Linear Structure Structure Building Facility / Built World Sub-Systems System Level Site Real Property Asset Country State / Province County Region Node Segment Room Space System Level Sub-Systems Room Water / Sea Land / Parcel Underground Air / Space Overlay Components City Traditional CAD/BIM Space Traditional Scalability Using GIS Traditional GIS Space

Space Natural Asset Linear Structure Structure Building Facility / Built World Sub-Systems System Level Site Real Property Asset Country State / Province County Region Node Segment Room Space System Level Sub-Systems Room Water / Sea Land / Parcel Underground Air / Space Overlay Components City GIS has Advanced to Total Scalability

The Analytic Power of GIS Spatial analysis and modeling – Overlay analysis (union, intersect) – Proximity analysis (buffer, near) – Surface analysis (hill shade, slope) – Linear analysis (connectivity, tracing) – Raster analysis Geoprocessing tools Relational Database structure Enterprise-ready Web services Integrates with – EDMS – CMMS – CAFM – IWMS

BIM to GIS Integration Issues BIM is MUCH richer in detail than a GIS database GIS has only recently become fully 3-D Design BIM contains all the information needed to construct a building, but not to manage it – Space polygons – Occupant information – Asset details (make, model, etc.) – Equipment maintenance data Some of the missing data can be supplied by COBie GIS database and BIM will require network capabilities to share information

Fundamental Differences Between BIM and GIS BIM (IFC) Highly standardized structure Parametric – highly structured File based File based exchange Inferior data exchange between COTS products Small number of users Thick client GIS User defined structures Parametric – loosely structured Server based - relational database File and web services for exchange Maximum integration flexibility Large numbers of users Thick and thin clients

Developments in BIM-GIS Integration Geographic Elements within IFC COBie2 Standard CityGML Full 3-D GIS/3-D Analysis Building and Interior Spaces Data Model

buildingSMART IFC for GIS Project/IFC 2.4 RC2

IFC 2.4 Spatial & Geographic Elements New entity for spatial zones – the zone can now have own location, shape and functional type as required e.g. in thermal or lighting zones. – Both zones, with an without own shapes, can now be assigned to different levels of the project structure. Space boundaries for curved building elements, such as arc walls, can now be defined by bounded cylindrical and bounded swept surfaces. A clear differentiation between 1st and 2nd level space boundaries is made

Spatial & Geographic Elements IFC 2.4 External spaces – separate the external air, earth, water, with the definition of external space boundaries to identify the gross volume of stories or buildings. New entity for geographic elements placed in the context of a site. – Using the enhanced external reference mechanism those geographic elements, as any other element, can be assigned to feature catalogs or any other external classification system. Parts of the specification for these elements were introduced into IFC 2.4 as a result of output from AECOO-1. These capabilities have not been exercised with OGC GML (Geographic Markup Language) nor CityGML.

Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE)

Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) adds Tabular Information to BIM Capture tabular data needed by the owner as it is created by – Designers – Constructors – Commissioning Agents Industry participation – BIM vendors now export to COBIE – CMMS/CAFM vendors import COBIE Some of the COBie data belongs in GIS GIS Asset tables need to store a sufficient level of detail

COBie is Structured to Import Non- spatial Data into CMMS/CAFM/GIS

COBie2 Limitations COBie is focused on FM Handover COBie does not include spatial data

CityGML

CityGML Concepts Application independent Geospatial Information ModelApplication independent Geospatial Information Model for virtual 3D city and landscape models – Comprises different thematic areas (buildings, vegetation, water, terrain, traffic etc.) – Data model (UML) according to ISO standards family – Exchange format results from rule-based mapping of the UML diagrams to a GML3 application schema – Adopted OGC standard since 08/2008

CityGML CityGML represents – 3D geometry, 3D topology, semantics, and appearance – In 5 discrete scales (Levels of Detail, LOD) LOD 4 – Interior Model “Walkable” architectural models LOD 3 – City / Site model Detailed architectural models, landmarks LOD 2 – City / Site model Simple buildings with detailed roof structures LOD 1 – City / Site model Prismatic buildings without roof structures LOD 0 – Regional, landscape model 2.5D Digital terrain model, 3D landmarks  The same object may be represented in different LODs simultaneously

CityGML Strengths CityGML Core GML BuildingCityFurnitureCityObjectGroupLandUseReliefTransportationVegetationWaterBody Appearance Generics Application Domain Extensions (ADE)

CityGML Limitations Some limited experimentation has taken place to understand how IFC and CityGML can work together. More work on this point is needed. CityGML is focused on visualization

3-D GIS

3-D GIS Analysis Tools

3-D GIS Example Data

3-D GIS Analysis Capabilities

3-D GIS Transportation Networks Demo ArcGIS 10

3-D GIS Limitations Limited experience converting IFC data to GIS formats New technology with limited use for facilities Complex data structures needed to support facilities

ESRI Building and Interior Spaces Data Model

ESRI Geodatabase Data Models Standardized Templates for Many Fields Address Agricultural Atmospheric Base Map Biodiversity Carbon Footprint Census-Admin Boundaries Defense-Intel Energy Utilities Environmental Forestry Geology Groundwater Health Historic Preservation & Archaeology Homeland Security Hydro IHO Land Parcels Local Government Marine National Cadastre Petroleum Pipeline Telecommunications Transportation Water Utilities Building Interior Space

ESRI’s Building Interior Space Data Model (BISDM) for GIS A user community effort Started in summer 2007 Build template to serve many uses cases and compatible technologies Real-world project tested Support property, building, and asset objects Models, supporting documentation, data loading tools, and sample viewers at

Defining and measuring building space – BOMA and FICM Classifying building space -- form, function, assets – Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE) – OmniClass tm Building information models (BIM) – National BIM Standard – Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) Building object information exchange – Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE) BISDM Supports Industry Standards

BISDM Asset Data Feature Classes BISDM 2.0 Mimics the structure of IFCs

“Split” Data Model to Interface with External Database (or Future BIM Server) BIM Data

Potential Integrated CADD/BIM/GIS Data Workflow GIS Repository GIS Data CADD Data BIM Data CMMS CAFM/IWMS COBIE Spatial Data Tabular Data Spatial Data Asset Management BIM Repository

ESRI BISDM Limitations Limited experience, especially with 3-D BIMServer for FM does not exist

BIM-GIS Committee Direction

BIM-GIS Use Cases - Planning/Design/Construction Site Selection/Location planning Site Suitability/Alternatives analysis Site circulation/parking/vehicle routing Permitting/zoning review Visualization – Building Skins – Textures View Shed analysis Drainage analysis Erosion control analysis Height analysis Airspace encroachments Shadow analysis (solar potential) Security planning Evacuation routing Temporal Analysis – Historical – Existing – Future Economic Analysis Demographics Soil Conditions Transportation Source locations of building products (LEED analysis) Emergency Management/Security Total Cost of Ownership/Lifecycle Analysis

BIM-GIS Use Cases - Operation GIS-based Facilities management (maintain 3-D models) MEP/data network routing/analysis Space Management/optimization Move management Asset management Public Safety – Security – Fire protection – Evacuation routing – Hazardous materials storage Way-Finding – Proximity/routing – ADA compliant routes Interior Space analyses – Areas (organizational, operations, leasing, etc.) – Elevation – Volumes Energy Management – Real-time sensor display – Environmental contaminant analysis

GIS-BIM Use Cases – Renovation/Repurpose Existing As-built architectural/structural models Existing As-built MEP/data networks Security planning Evacuation routing

Next Steps Define detailed use cases? IDMs? Define exchange standards? Define web services requirements for BIM Server technology?

Discussion