The New Deal Chapter 12

Launching the New Deal Chapter 12, Section 1

Rise of Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) Served as Secretary of the Navy under Wilson. Got polio and lost the use of his legs. Roosevelt became gov. of NY and was famous for providing help to families

1932 Campaign Promised relief through public works programs Government funded building projects = job creation. Wanted lower tariffs.

1928 Election

1932 Election

Roosevelt won in a landslide Over 57% of the vote. Democrats also gained majority in both the house and Senate.

A Political Partnership FDR stayed optimistic despite his disability. Most Americans had no idea he was in a wheel chair.

Fireside Chats No Television Spoke in a way the average person could understand Gave reassurance to Americans 58

Roosevelt's Philosophy Was a reform minded democrat Similar to Wilson and the progressives. Believed that it was the governments job to take direct action to help the people.

Eleanor Roosevelt Played a central role in her husbands presidency. Addressed social issues: Main focus was to stop lynching

Roosevelt Takes Action First step was to address the banking crisis To stop the run on banks he issued an executive order to close all banks (bank holiday) Next day he called an emergency session of Congress and passed the Emergency Banking Act.

Emergency Banking Act Gave states the power to examine each bank and if necessary close the bank. When the banks reopened the public knew the ones that were open were on solid footing.

Emergency Banking Act Led to other reforms Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Provided insurance for savings

The New Deal 3 goals of the New Deal Relief for those suffering the effects of the Depression. Recovery of the depressed economy Reforms that would help prevent serious future economic crisis

Civilian Conservation Corps Established to address unemployment for men ages Worked to plant trees and improve parks, forced to send earnings home.

Agricultural Adjustment Act Gave farmers a subsidy to grow fewer crops. This led to less crops on the market – higher prices

National Industrial Recovery Act Mandated that businesses in the same industry cooperate to set prices and levels of production. Could be viewed as violations of anti trust laws. This act also included $3.3 Billion for the Public Works Administration.

Public Works Administration

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to serve as a watchdog over the nations stock markets.

Tennessee Valley Authority Developed the resources in the Tennessee Valley region. Built Dams and Hydroelectric Plants to be used by industrialists.

Beyond 100 days Civil Works Administration (CWA) Provided winter employment to 4 million workers. Built miles of highways and sewer lines Hundreds of Airports

Trouble for the New Deal New Deal gave the government a prominent role in the lives of citizens. Republicans disliked the New Deal “Roosevelt is driving this country to destruction faster than it has ever moved before”

Life During the New Deal Chapter 12, Section 3

Women in the New Deal Frances Perkins became the first woman to head an executive department, the Secretary of Labor. Women still faced inequalities Less pay than men Less work opportunities than men One idea to fix unemployment was to just fire all the women

African Americans in the New Deal William Hastie became the first African American Federal Judge. Eleanor Roosevelt championed civil rights Was more bold and outspoken than her husband. The New Deal did nothing to challenge discrimination. Sharecropping and tenant farming was still happening

African Americans in the New Deal FDR did not address civil rights because he thought it would anger southern Democrats election First time since the Civil War African American voters voted Democrat instead of Republican.

Telling the story of the Depression

Dorothy Lange Photographer Subjects were mostly the rural poor. Worked for Farm Security Administration. Helped raise awareness of the poor.

James Agee and Walker Evans Agee was a writer and Evans was a photographer Focused on the realities of rural poverty Let Us Now Praise Famous Men focused on a group of families in Alabama

Popular Entertainment 1930’s

Movies Study in 1935 showed that 80 Million of the nation’s 127 Million people attended a movie each week. For the most part movies tried to stay away from the bad memory of the depression.

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Most Films Offered Escapes Fred Astaire and Ginger Rodgers would portray glamorous lives.

Marx Brothers Comedians Zany style of the 1930’s

Abbott and Costello 1936 Who’s on First QKE-0 QKE-0 Rise of Skit Comedy

Other Famous Movies

Advances in Film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was the first full length animated feature

The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind Were both blockbusters. Two of the first to be filmed in color.

Radio Sound quality was poor, but families were enthralled by action shows. The Lone Ranger 1938 Orson Wells produced War of the Worlds People panicked thinking the Earth was under attack. M M

Sports in the 1930’s 1920’s and 1930’s are considered the golden age of sports. Baseball was the main attraction led by Yankee Babe Ruth

Sports in the 1930’s Joe DiMaggio became the next great Yankee after Ruth retired. xSBc

Lou Gehrig Stirred the nations emotions when he retired from baseball due to a disease. ALS He was one of the most beloved Yankee’s

Boxing Next to baseball was the most popular sport. Most famous fight was between Joe Lewis and German Max Schmeling uygpw uygpw