and Organizational Justice Janie Flores Sam Houston State University Doctoral Candidate, Educational Leadership

* Part of the Justice theories * 1963 * John Stacey Adams * Behavioral psychologist Adams, 1963 * People desire fairness and equality. * When input = outcome, people are satisfied.

* Time * Effort * Skill * Sacrifice * Commitment level * Flexibility Adams, 1963

* Monetary compensation * Recognition * Sense of accomplishment * Job security * Benefits Adams, 1963

* Anger vs. Guilt * Restore equilibrium * Benefits do not have to be identical to be equal Adams, 1963 * Anguish

* People want to maximize their rewards. * Groups can work together to collect greater rewards. * People are dissatisfied when they perceive inequality. * Those who are dissatisfied will try to restore balance. Adams, 1963; Greenberg,1987

Jerald Greenberg, 1987

* How an individual perceives what is fair or ethical with regard to their own religion, societal or communal laws, or moral beliefs (Leventhal, 1980). * The perception of an injustice can effect an individual’s level of motivation, satisfaction with the organization, and their attitude toward the organization (Tatum & Eberlin, 2008).

* Distributive justice * Procedural justice * Interpersonal justice * Informational justice Greenburg, 1987

* Tangible/intangible Greenburg, 1990 * Decisions affect everyone equally. * Resources are shared equally.

* Decisions are based on equal input. Greenburg, 1990 * Unbiased * Processes are fair and consistent.

* Perceptions of individual treatment * Sensitivity within circumstances * Respectful of individuality Greenburg, 1990

* Sharing information in a timely manner Greenburg, 1990 * Explanations are appropriate * Honesty

* Two-factor model of organizational justice * Three-factor model of organizational justice * Four-factor model of organizational justice * Distributive justice * Informational justice * Procedural justice * Interpersonal justice * Distributive justice * Procedural justice * Interactional justice * Informational justice * Interpersonal justice * Distributive justice * Procedural justice * Interpersonal justice * Informational justice

Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9–22. Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationship. Tatum, B. C. & Eberlin, R. J. (2008). The relationship between organizational justice and conflict style. Business Strategies Series, 9(6), For additional information, consider these sources.