Subject /Predicate Types of Sentences Fragments Run-on Sentence 1

Every sentence has two essential parts: and The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said. The flower bloomed. Bob painted. The girls on the team were all good students. The predicate of a sentence is the part which says something about the subject. Bill told everyone about the wreck. Mary sobbed. Sue plays the piano well. 2

 Every sentence has a subject and a verb  John ran down the road. John = subject ran = action verb down the road = prepositional phrase 3

 The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about  To find the subject ask who or what before the verb  Mr. Simon taught the class.  Verb = taught  Who or what taught? = Mr. Simon 4

 Jessica loves to listen to music.  Running is Laura’s favorite sport.  The family cooked a big meal for the holiday.  The car needs to be repaired. 5

 Everything else in the sentence that talks about the subject.  To find the predicate:  Find the subject  Everything following is the predicate.  The cat climbed up the tree.  Subject = The cat  Predicate = climbed up the tree 6

 Lina likes to study in the library.  Jose has been standing in line for 2 hours.  The plant died because of lack of water.  The very blue ocean has some of the strongest waves I’ve seen. 7

 Declarative  Imperative  Interrogative  Exclamatory 8

 Makes a statement.  Says something. Examples:  Today is Monday.  The cat is black and white.  It is cold outside.  I enjoy driving my car. 9

 Give a command.  Tell somebody to do something. Examples:  Please lock the door.  Pick up the book off the floor.  Hand me that spoon.  Pass your papers forward. 10

 Asks a question. Examples:  What time is it?  What period do you eat lunch?  Can you help me with my homework?  When is the project due? 11

 Expresses strong feelings  Ends with an exclamation mark (!!!!!!) Examples:  It’s snowing outside!  Your dress is beautiful!  We’re getting out early!  I can’t wait for the party! 12

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 Remember that a sentence has:  a subject & a verb  and it expresses a complete thought. 14

 A fragment is a group of words that looks like a sentence but is missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought  Missing items make it an incomplete sentence. 15

 A word group that starts with a preposition  It’s hard to find time to study. With all of my other work.  A word group that starts with a dependent word (subordinating conjunction)  We got home early. Because we left early. 16

 A word group that starts with an –ing verb form  I was running as fast as I could. Hoping to get there on time.  A word group that starts with to and a verb  Cheri got underneath the car. To change the oil. 17

 Add what is missing (subject, verb, or complete thought)  To the house. (verb is missing)  We drove to the house.  Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after it  because we left early. (not a complete thought)  We got home faster, because we left early. 18

 A run-on is created when two complete thoughts are joined together incorrectly (without proper punctuation) and are written as one sentence.  Ex: We decided to buy candy for the party and we went to the store and they were out of our favorite kind. 19

1. Add a period 2. Add a comma 3. Add a comma & conjunction 4. Add a dependent word 20

 Add a period between the two independent sentences.  She started feeling bad on Monday by Wednesday she was running a high fever.  She started feeling bad on Monday. By Wednesday, she was running a high fever.  His job paid well however, he still couldn’t make ends meet.  His job paid well. However, he still couldn’t make ends meet. 21

 A comma is used to connect two complete sentences to make one larger sentence.  I picked up my laundry, then I went home.  She started feeling sick at school by the time she got home she was running a high fever.  She started feeling sick at school, by the time she got home, she was running a high fever. 22

 Use a comma & conjunction between the two small sentences.  I picked up my laundry I went home.  I picked up my laundry, and then I went home.  She had a sore throat she was running a fever.  She had a sore throat, and she was running a fever. 23

 Add a dependent word between the two independent thoughts.  Exercising is important it can keep your weight down.  Exercising is important because it can keep your weight down.  She had a sore throat she was running a fever.  She had a sore throat while she was running a fever. 24

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 You can combine two simple sentences with a comma and a joining word.  The most common joining words are and, but, and or. The new sentence is called a compound sentence. 26

 A sentence containing only one complete thought and no dependent part.  Example:  I like to run.  Playing basketball is fun to me.  I studied for my test last night. 27

 John ran down the road.  Leah planted flowers in her yard.  Sam cooked the dinner for everyone.  Science tests are hard when you don’t study. 28

 A compound sentence contains two thoughts joined by a coordinator.  Example  I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.  Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.  Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping 29

 Anthony felt nervous on a horse, but he would never admit it.  He soon discovered that riding was a lot of fun, and he couldn’t wait to tell his friends about it.  Do you have any interest in horseback riding, or do you prefer to stay indoors? 30