How the parts of speech form complete thoughts PARTS OF A SENTENCE

The Basics A sentence is made up of a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE The subject tells us who or what is doing the action in the predicate

Subject A simple subject of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is about. The complete subject includes the simple subject and all its modifiers EX: The joyful, spotted puppy jumped the fence. The simple subject is:_________________ The complete subject is: ___________________

Compound subject A compound subject is a double subject – there is more than one person or object partaking in the action of the sentence. EX: Physics and astronomy are my favorite subjects. A compound subject joined by a coordinating conjunction like and is considered plural and takes the plural verb. EX: Jim and John run together on Wednesdays.

Predicate The predicate is the side of the sentence that says something about the subject. The simple predicate is the verb EX: Hamlet went over to Claudius to take the cup. The complete predicate is everything that is said about the subject EX: Hamlet went over to Claudius to take the cup. When we mention the predicate, we’ll usually refer only to the simple predicate.

Compound Verb The subject of a sentence may take a compound verb as its predicate. EX: When the stars threw down their spears and watered heaven with their tears, did he smile his work to see? The subject stars both threw and watered. There are no commas between compound verbs

Subject/Predicate Sets The subject/predicate set is the combination of a simple subject and a simple predicate that is always present as a nucleus in every sentence. A sentence may contain more than one subject/predicate set. On the next slide, find all of the subject/predicate sets:

A Tale of Two Cities It was the best of times, it was the worst of time, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

How’d you do? It was the best of times, it was the worst of time, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

Direct and Indirect Objects Those parts Mrs. Anthony didn’t learn until she took German and had to figure out what was being to done to what so she could pick the right article and verb endings.

Direct Object The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the transitive action verb. Popeye eats spinach. I still love chocolate milk for breakfast. When there is a direct object, we call the action verb transitive because it carries a transit of energy from the subject to the object. When the action verb does not have an object, we call the verb intransitive

Action is Good Sentences with direct objects are interesting. They have strength because they have action. Transitive: The hungry traveler gobbled his food. Intransitive: The hungry traveler gobbled noisily. Passive: The food was gobbled noisily. Linking: The traveler was hungry.

Your Turn Identify the subject, the action verb predicate (AVP) and direct object (DO) in these sentences: 1.In the morning Euclid drew a hexagon in the sand. 2.Alexander greeted John and Jake with indifference. 3.With serenity, Polonius ate a whole plate of friend drumsticks.

Indirect Objects The indirect object is the noun or pronoun that is located between the action verb and the direct object – it is indirectly affected by the action. Hamlet gave Polonius a sarcastic interrogation.

To find the indirect object, first look to see if there is an object that receives the action – the indirect object appears between the verb and the direct object An indirect object is never the object of a preposition and there must be a direct object for the indirect object to exist

Your Turn In the following, identify the direct object and indirect object 1.With a sneer, Gollum slowly handed Sam the biscuits. 2.Picasso taught you and me a new understanding of the world. 3.With a cryptic glare, Merlin abruptly gave Arthur the sacrosanct scroll.