World War I Section 4 Making the Peace Section 4 Making the Peace

The Cost of War  The human and financial costs were staggering, millions dead  It got worse, the world was hit by a pandemic, a disease spread across a large area, in this case the whole world,  It’s called the Spanish Influenza  Roughly million people die, over 3% of the worlds population. 500 million (28%) are infected.  Unlike most flu’s it killed mostly the young and healthy  The human and financial costs were staggering, millions dead  It got worse, the world was hit by a pandemic, a disease spread across a large area, in this case the whole world,  It’s called the Spanish Influenza  Roughly million people die, over 3% of the worlds population. 500 million (28%) are infected.  Unlike most flu’s it killed mostly the young and healthy

The Cost of War  Large areas of Europe were destroyed, now they needed to rebuild.  Most countries didn’t have the money to rebuild.  The Allies blamed the war on the losers and wanted reparations, payments for war damage.  Large areas of Europe were destroyed, now they needed to rebuild.  Most countries didn’t have the money to rebuild.  The Allies blamed the war on the losers and wanted reparations, payments for war damage.

 CountryMobilizedKilledWoundedTotalCasualties  Africa55,00010,000unknownunknown-  Australia330,00059,000152,000211,00064%  Austria-Hungary6,500,0001,200,0003,620,0004,820,00074%  Belgium207,00013,00044,00057,00028%  Bulgaria400,000101,000153,000254,000 64%  Canada620,00067,000173,000241,00039%  The Caribbean21,0001,0003,0004,00019%  French Empire7,500,0001,385,0004,266,0005,651,00075%  Germany11,000,0001,718,0004,234,0005,952,00054%  Great Britain5,397,000703,0001,663,0002,367,00044%  Greece230,0005,00021,00026,00011%  India1,500,00043,00065,000108,0007%  Italy5,500,000460,000947,0001,407,00026%  Japan800, ,0001,2500.2%  Montenegro50,0003,00010,00013,00026%  New Zealand110,00018,00055,00073,00066%  Portugal100,0007,00015,00022,00022%  Romania750,000200,000120,000320,00043%  Russia12,000,0001,700,0004,950,0006,650,00055%  Serbia707,000128,000133,000261,00037%  South Africa149,0007,00012,00019,00013%  Turkey1,600,000336,000400,000736,00046%  USA4,272,500117,000204,000321,0008%  CountryMobilizedKilledWoundedTotalCasualties  Africa55,00010,000unknownunknown-  Australia330,00059,000152,000211,00064%  Austria-Hungary6,500,0001,200,0003,620,0004,820,00074%  Belgium207,00013,00044,00057,00028%  Bulgaria400,000101,000153,000254,000 64%  Canada620,00067,000173,000241,00039%  The Caribbean21,0001,0003,0004,00019%  French Empire7,500,0001,385,0004,266,0005,651,00075%  Germany11,000,0001,718,0004,234,0005,952,00054%  Great Britain5,397,000703,0001,663,0002,367,00044%  Greece230,0005,00021,00026,00011%  India1,500,00043,00065,000108,0007%  Italy5,500,000460,000947,0001,407,00026%  Japan800, ,0001,2500.2%  Montenegro50,0003,00010,00013,00026%  New Zealand110,00018,00055,00073,00066%  Portugal100,0007,00015,00022,00022%  Romania750,000200,000120,000320,00043%  Russia12,000,0001,700,0004,950,0006,650,00055%  Serbia707,000128,000133,000261,00037%  South Africa149,0007,00012,00019,00013%  Turkey1,600,000336,000400,000736,00046%  USA4,272,500117,000204,000321,0008%

Totals  Soldiers Mobilized - 59,755,000  Killed - 8,300,000  Wounded - 21,241,000  Total (killed & wounded) - 29,541,000  Civilian - around 13,000,000 killed Total DEAD million  Soldiers Mobilized - 59,755,000  Killed - 8,300,000  Wounded - 21,241,000  Total (killed & wounded) - 29,541,000  Civilian - around 13,000,000 killed Total DEAD million

The Cost of War  Because of the war, governments collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman empire

The Paris Peace Conference  The Allies meet in Paris to discuss the fate of Europe and the former Ottoman Empire.  The Central Powers and Russia were not invited.  There was three main players in Paris  The Allies meet in Paris to discuss the fate of Europe and the former Ottoman Empire.  The Central Powers and Russia were not invited.  There was three main players in Paris

Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson  President of the United States PPresident of the United States

David Lloyd George David Lloyd George  Prime Minister of Great Britain PPrime Minister of Great Britain

Georges Clemenceau Georges Clemenceau  President of France PPresident of France

The Paris Peace Conference  Each leader had a different goal: Wilson - “peace without victory” based on the Fourteen Points David Lloyd George - wanted to build a post- war Britain that would cost a lot of money Georges Clemenceau - wanted to weaken Germany so it could never threaten France again  Each leader had a different goal: Wilson - “peace without victory” based on the Fourteen Points David Lloyd George - wanted to build a post- war Britain that would cost a lot of money Georges Clemenceau - wanted to weaken Germany so it could never threaten France again

The Paris Peace Conference  And they didn’t get along real well.  Clemenceau said, “Mr. Wilson bores me with his Fourteen Points, why God Almighty has only ten!”  Other countries were there as well and they also had their own agendas  And they didn’t get along real well.  Clemenceau said, “Mr. Wilson bores me with his Fourteen Points, why God Almighty has only ten!”  Other countries were there as well and they also had their own agendas

Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles  In 1919, Germany is forced to sign the treaty.  The treaty forced Germany to assume FULL blame for the war.  It also forced Germany to pay reparations.  Total cost of the payments: $30 billion ($2.7 trillion today)  In 1919, Germany is forced to sign the treaty.  The treaty forced Germany to assume FULL blame for the war.  It also forced Germany to pay reparations.  Total cost of the payments: $30 billion ($2.7 trillion today)

Treaty of Versailles  The treaty also severely limited the size of the German military.  It returned the areas of Alsace and Lorraine to France.  It removed hundreds of square miles from western and eastern Germany, and stripped Germany of its colonies  This left Germans very angry  The treaty also severely limited the size of the German military.  It returned the areas of Alsace and Lorraine to France.  It removed hundreds of square miles from western and eastern Germany, and stripped Germany of its colonies  This left Germans very angry

Outcome of the Peace Settlements  As a result of the treaty several new countries emerged in Eastern Europe: Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.  3 new republics -Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary - rose out of the old Austrian Empire.  The map of Europe is completely redrawn  As a result of the treaty several new countries emerged in Eastern Europe: Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.  3 new republics -Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary - rose out of the old Austrian Empire.  The map of Europe is completely redrawn

Outcome of the Peace Settlements  The leaders at the Paris Peace Conference only applied self- determination to European countries.  German colonies were given to the victorious allies.  The leaders at the Paris Peace Conference only applied self- determination to European countries.  German colonies were given to the victorious allies.

Outcome of the Peace Settlements  The one good thing to come from the Paris Peace Conference is the League of Nations  More than 40 nations joined.  They promised to try to settle disputes peacefully and take action against an aggressor as a group.  There was only one problem….  The one good thing to come from the Paris Peace Conference is the League of Nations  More than 40 nations joined.  They promised to try to settle disputes peacefully and take action against an aggressor as a group.  There was only one problem….

Outcome of the Peace Settlements  The United States didn’t join the League of Nations.  Congress refused to commit the U.S. to future conflicts.  Without the United States the League was severely weakened.  The United States didn’t join the League of Nations.  Congress refused to commit the U.S. to future conflicts.  Without the United States the League was severely weakened.