Specific Hazard Impacts and The Asian Tsunami 2004 By the end of this lesson you will: Be able to explain some of the key specific human impacts of tectonic hazards. Begin to apply this knowledge to a study of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of Boxing Day 2004.

Living in areas of tectonic risk? Ignorance of the risks and / or underestimation of risk Inertia; always lived there Nowhere else to go / lack of alternatives Choice e.g. fertile farmland or tourism How do these factors change over space and time? Look again at your diagram. How might these four reasons change over space (i.e in different countries) and time?

Social effects of hazards The number of people affected by hazards has increased along with the increase in the number of hazards. However, the number of deaths from each hazard has fallen due to better prediction techniques, planning and management. TASK: Define Primary, Secondary and Tertiary casualties using P260. As well as the obvious physical impacts of hazards, such as the destruction of landscapes and human settlements, they have both social and economic effects. Social effects include: deaths and injuries pollution, disease and illness loss of jobs and livelihoods. evacuation and relocation destruction of families

Economic effects of hazards The most substantial economic effect of hazards is generally the cost of repairing and rebuilding after the event, including: damage to properties and businesses damage to agriculture loss of jobs and livelihoods loss of money from tourism damage to infrastructure – transport, water, energy, etc. cost of welfare schemes increased insurance premiums. Economic effects are often long-term; rebuilding after hazards takes time; the money to do it might take years to pay off; and the cost hazard will cause future insurance premiums to rise. TASK: Define Direct and Indirect Costs.

The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004

Causes of Tsunamis

Physical Impact

The World Bank estimated that Sri Lanka alone would need $1.5 billion to rebuild housing, transport links and local industries and infrastructure. Social and economic impact The tsunami caused devastation all across the Indian Ocean, destroying homes, businesses, schools and hospitals and other infrastructure. Local industries, particularly fishing, plantation farms and tourism were badly hit, damaging economies. Roads were destroyed and the coastal railway in Sri Lanka was wrecked. What other impacts did the tsunami have? How was the tsunami managed?

RESEARCH TASK: You need to compile a research report on the Asian Tsunami of Boxing Day Compile your report under the following headings: –Causes of the Tsunami (include annotated diagrams) –Places – A sketch map of the area affected and plate boundaries. –People – Who was affected? Social, Economic, Environmental and Political impacts (table?) –Power – Which organisations/players are involved in management (we will look at this next lesson more)

Independent Study - What to do: You need to continue to research your Asian Tsunami case study using the provided factsheet and your own research using books and websites. Next lesson we will be continuing to work on this case study and looking at responses. By Next Lesson: –COMPLETE THE TASKS FROM THIS LESSON IN FULL. –RESEARCH the Asian Tsunami further.