“Yankee Doodle” Yankee Doodle went to town a’ridin on his pony Stuck a feather in his cap, and called it macaroni Yankee Doodle, keep it up Yankee Doodle dandy Mind the music and the step and with the girls be handy.

The “Macaroni”

“A New Method of Macarony Making, as practiced at Boston”

Lexington and Concord, 1774

Second Continental Congress, 1775

Bunker Hill, 1775 John Trumbull, The Death of General Warren

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, January 1776

John Trumbull’s Declaration of Independence (1819 depiction)

The War for Independence,

Course of the War: Struggle, Stalemate, Victory More than 200,000 men served; 100,000 under Washington’s command –Continental Army welded together men from across the country into “band of brothers” –More than 25,000 perished, mostly of disease 1776 – 1778 –British invade New York –Trenton: 1776 –Saratoga: 1777 –British occupy Philadelphia –Valley Forge 1778 – 1780 –British take Georgia 1778 –Americans defeated at Charleston 1780 – 1783 –French forces arrive and join Continental forces in siege of Cornwallis at Yorktown –Cornwallis surrenders: October 19, 1781 –Treaty of Paris: 1783

Saratoga, 1777

Valley Forge (1866 depiction)

Baron von Steuben at Valley Forge

Joseph Brant, by Gilbert Stuart, 1786

John Vanderlyn, “The Death of Jane McCrea” (1804)

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, 1783 (John Trumbull, 1817)

“The World Turned Upside Down” Traditional Lyrics : If buttercups buzz'd after the bee, If boats were on land, churches on sea, If ponies rode men and if grass ate the cows, And cats should be chased into holes by the mouse, If the mamas sold their babies To the gypsies for half a crown; If summer were spring and the other way round, Then all the world would be upside down

The Loyalists (“Tories”) 1/5 to 1/3 of the population Pitted communities and families against each other: Ben Franklin’s son, William Patriots passed acts that made speaking or writing against Revolution treasonous Bills of attainder Mob violence 50,000 served with British forces 80,000 fled, mostly to Canada (including their slaves)

“The American Suit”: Tar and Feathers

Abigail Adams

United States, 1783