Latin American Revolutions of the Nineteenth Century

What were the characteristics of the colonial system in Latin America in the nineteenth century?

1. Characteristics of the Colonial System in the (1800’s) A) Colonial governments mirrored the home governments

B) Catholicism had a strong influence on the development of the colonies

C ) A major element of the economy was the mining of precious metals for export D) Established major cities as outposts of colonial authority 1. - Havana 2. - Mexico City, 3. - Lima 4. - Sao Paulo, 5. - Buenos Aires

D) Established major cities as outposts of colonial authority 1. - Havana 2. - Mexico City, 3. - Lima 4. - Sao Paulo, 5. - Buenos Aires

2. Rigid Class Structure A) Viceroys / colonial officers who governs a country as representative of the monarchmonarch

B) Creoles (locally born, but of foreign ancestory)

C) Mestizo (mixed heritage Native American and European)

Mestizo Family

D. Mulatto Class Mix with African and European blood

1. Mulatto and an Indian produce a chino 2. Mulatto and an African produce a samba

SOCIAL HIERARCHY P C M & M I & A Peninsulares: Native Spaniards Creoles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World Mestizos: Indian + European blood Mulattos: African + European blood Indians and Africans CAUSES

Understanding #1 Latin American revolutions of the nineteenth century were influenced by the clash of European cultures in the development of governments and ruling powers.

Understanding #2 Spanish conquests in Latin America saw the rapid decline of native populations and introduction of slaves from Africa. Conquistadors were given governmental authority by the crown, becoming known as viceroys

How did the French and American Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements? Delacroix (Revolution in Haiti) (French Revolution)

3. Influence of the American and French Revolutions on the Americas A) Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery, and won independence. (First black republic in world)

Haiti

The French realised that they would be defeated without Toussaint and his army on their side. In 1793 Toussaint made a deal with them. Any slaves who fought for France would be allowed their freedom.

Slaves of Haiti revolting

Movement was began by a Voodoo Priest

Slaves of Haiti revolting

B) Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement. Flight of Port. In Brazil.

MIGUEL HIDALGO * Highly educated Creole priest assigned to town of Dolores. * September 16, 1810: El Grito de Dolores. * Led a rag-tag army toward Mexico City, unleashing mass slaughter of peninsulares in path. * Never made it to the capital -- Captured and shot in Hidalgo rang the church bell and called upon his mestizo and indigenous parishioners to take up arms against the Spanish. LEADERS

C) Independence came to French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies.

(Mex. Ind. Day) Sep. 15

D) Locations of selected countries that gained independence during the 1800s 1) 1) Mexico 2) Haiti 3) Colombia 4) Venezuela 5) Brazil

What were the contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar to revolutions in Latin America?

4. Contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture A) Former slave who led Haitian rebellion against French.

Haitian Revolt Sculpture B) Defeated the armies of three foreign powers: Spain, France, and Britain.

5. Contributions of Simon Bolivar A) Liberated the northern areas of Latin America. Simon Bolivar ( The Liberator)

B. B. Native-born resident who led revolutionary efforts.

How did the Monroe Doctrine impact revolutions in Latin America? 6. A. Monroe Doctrine was issued by American President, James Monroe in 1823

INTERNATIONAL: THE MONROE DOCTRINE “The American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” - James Monroe, 1823James Monroe,

A) Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent. B) The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere

Understanding After the American Revolution, the United States wished to prevent foreign interference in America. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823, alerting European powers that the American continents should not be considered for any future colonization.

Exit Quiz 1. Who led the independence movement in many South American countries? A) L’ouverture, B)Bolivar C) Cortez 2. Who led the independence movement in Haiti? A) L’ouverture, B)Bolivar, C) Cortez

3. Colonial governments mirror or act like their _____ _________. 4. Name two cities that became major outposts for colonial governments. 5. Put the three parts of the class system in Latin America in order. (A) Viceroy, Creole, Mestizo (B) Creole, Viceroy, Mestizo (C) Mestizo, Creole, Viceroy

6.A person sent directly from the colonial power to govern in a colony was a ________? A) Mestizo, b) viceroy, c) creole, d) mulatto 7.A person who parents were both from a colonial power but was born in Latin American Colonies was referred to as ____? A) Mestizo, b) viceroy, c) Creole, d) mulatto 8. A person of mixed heritage was referred to as A) Mestizo, b) viceroy, c) Creole, d) mulatto

9. The Latin American Revolutions were influence by the clash of ___________cultures 10. Spanish Conquests began a rapid decline in the ________ populations of the Latin American countries. 11. What group of people rebelled in Haiti?

12. Who led the independence movement in Mexico? A) Bolivar, B) L’ouverture, C) Father Hidalgo A) Bolivar, B) L’ouverture, C) Father Hidalgo 13. What were the three colonial powers L’overture exiled out of Haiti? 14. The Monroe Doctrine stated that all Latin American countries should be considered ____________.

15. The Monroe Doctrine said any attack against a Latin American Country would be like an attack against_______________.

16. This painting by De La Croix is about the ____________ revolution.