Workshop on the Management of Historic Urban Landscapes of the XXth century, December 2007 Chandigarh, India

INTRODUCTION The participants of the International Workshop on the Management of Historic Urban Landscapes of the XXth century, December 2007, Chandigarh UT, India, appreciated the initiative, financial and logistic support by the Chandigarh Administration, CII and the ASI for organizing and hosting this important event in collaboration with the UNESCO World Heritage Centre and Regional Office, New Delhi with the support of the France- UNESCO cooperation agreement and the Netherlands Funds and Trust.

The meeting was attended by participants from 8 countries (Brazil, France, India, Israel, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, the Unites-Kingdom, and representative of ICOMOS, Fondation Le Corbusier and representatives of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. The list of participants and agenda of the meeting are enclosed as Annex I and II. The meeting followed previous work on the discussions on Historic Urban Landscapes, in Paris, Jerusalem, St Petersburg and Olinda.

DISCUSSION SUMMARY The participants heard presentations on the managing of World Heritage Cities, Historic Urban Landscapes and the safeguarding of India ’ s heritage through a number of key presentations, case studies and in-depth discussions. In addition, a presentation was made on the proposed trans- national serial nomination for the works of Le Corbusier together with presentations from three World Heritage Cities of Modern Heritage, Brasilia, Le Havre and Tel Aviv. The participants also toured the city of Chandigarh and had the opportunity of visiting some of the buildings designed by Le Corbusier.

The World Heritage Convention is focused on the conservation of sites, definitions of which do not properly qualify the historic cities. The management and definitions of the historic towns of the modern era are outlined in the Operational Guidelines and the Annex and provide the necessary headings for action. The discussion of the term of Historic Urban Landscape has raised a number of issues which were discussed in the context of a XXth century city. With specific regard to Chandigarh, the participants noted that historic urban landscapes offer ways of looking at heritage at the landscape and broader scale.

Reviewing the material on Chandigarh and Le Corbusier, the participants emphasized that Historic Urban landscapes require thorough analysis and research to international standards to properly identify the attributes, values and qualifying conditions. The qualities, spirit and feeling of any city need to be understood through its significant attributes, and are essential tools to justify the values, including intangible values, into the specificity of cultural and natural properties.

Community, now the fifth strategic objective of the World Heritage Committee, is a key to Historic Urban Landscape identification, management and monitoring. The participants recognize that while cities are of universal value, they are managed locally. Community involvement, including all stakeholders and NGO ’ s, are necessary throughout all processes,

Recognizing that India, with a population of 1.2 billion and an urban population of over 300 million people with a growth rate of 2,51 % the participants also considered the concept of the limits of acceptable change for these cities, in relation to their authenticity and integrity. Limits of acceptable change should be established through clarification of the outstanding universal value, the integrity of a property as well as its authenticity, qualifiers and attributes. Management of change in Historic Urban Landscapes is an issue to be further addressed.

Highlighting the need for strong political will and vision to safeguard the Modern Heritage urges the public representatives and the authorities to put conservation and sustainability of the city at the top of the agenda. Understanding that the World Heritage Convention is a dynamic strategy, affording a new opportunity for development and growth this is a significant time to evaluate the heritage potential of the city,

Considering that Chandigarh is at a critical stage of its development with a fast growing economy attracting more and more population, great pressures on urban infrastructure and transport, exploding property prices and a shortage of affordable houses in the historic city centre, the robustness of the design and urban layout has allowed the city to accommodate these first half century changes. The presentation of the proposed trans-national nomination of the works of Le Corbusier was a trigger for the debate and the case-study for the consideration of the recommendations.

RECOMMENDATIONS The participants recommended that: 1. this document be brought to the International Expert Meeting on Buffer zones and World Heritage to be held in Davos, Switzerland, March 2008; 2. a change of approach to conservation should be adopted, integrating culture and heritage into the planning policy processes and management.

3. the State and Local Government should allocate resources for conservation with specific action for the establishment of a conservation cell in the planning department to include professionals in all relevant fields. 4 the Chandigarh UT complete the adoption of the Urban and Architectural Heritage of Chandigarh Regulations, 2007 which includes the constitution of a Chandigarh Heritage Conservation Committee. 5 all the stakeholder take an active part in the participatory processes of the decision-making in the city through partnerships at all levels.

6. awareness campaigns to create a sense of pride, amongst the younger generation be initiated; bring intangible culture into vision, within the management mechanism and planning processes, 7. the Chandigargh UT hold a public debate involving stakeholders, on the protection, conservation, planning and management of the city at large and its future image.

8. Considering that changes must be included in the conservation and management strategy, the authorities adopt the following guidelines: ･ Place faith in the people of Chandigarh that they can make changes while understanding Le Corbusier fundaments. ･ Define the basic assets and evaluate the city within a system of layers. ･ Understand how the work of Le Corbusier was special allowing for growth and change. ･ Flexible rules within a framework of urban design guidelines. ･ Act decisively on the encroachment on public land. ･ Prepare a policy for public land and its management. ･ and allow for dynamic and guided development.

9. The considerations by the workshop be included into training and capacity building exercises by the World Heritage Centre; that a research agenda for HUL be compiled and promoted among universities and research institutions with specific focus on Modern Heritage, including through the UNESCO Forum University and Heritage as well as funding organizations be encouraged to prioritize this in their work;. a network of activities be set up including: Network of Indian Cities of Living Heritage Network of Modern Heritage Cities Network of the Le Corbusier serial sites of the nomination project

10 the Chandigarh UT promote bilateral and multi-partnerships city-to-city in expertise and cooperation. 11. Further topics to be explored are: the links between cultural landscapes and historic urban landscapes including integrity and authenticity; delineating management of change and the links between integrity and authenticity. Question of the city limits; relationship between periphery and centre; collaboration of different authorities, curbing gentrification processes, promoting social mixity, povrety alleviation and developing heritage focused incentives such as tax relief, and resource aquisition plan, further developp tourism initiatives and facilitate access to buildings.

Example of activities : All activities can be developed within the framework of building the capacity of the public authority in the field of planning and conservation and as elements of an integrated management plan. Activites are long term but can be phased in short term projects. Multilayer approach of heritage, multi scale approach to the city.

1) Data collecting and assessment 2) Awareness raising and development of communities and public enquiries 3) Institutional coordination 4) Financial incentives 5) Business and economic development initiatives

1) Data collecting and assessment : Understanding of Chandigarh’s heritage: - data collecting : catalogue of sources, conservation of original archives, historical studies (Chandigarh college of architecture in partnership with a network of schools and universities at the national and international level) - cultural and heritage resources listing and mapping as base data for a conservation and management plan and propsosal for Listing and registering : field survey, document change, state of conservation, maintenance need, reuse options, heritage value. - assessment mapping : prepare a full detailed assesment of a complex system and a critical analysis of current practices. State of conservation, maintenance, environmental issues - plug in conservation and historical studies into town planning tools. Multi layer GIS of the city at large and periphery

2) Awareness raising and development of communities and public enquiries : Support and foster public meetings at a very neighbourly level (sectors ?) and at the city and regional leval. Support the heritage tours initiative for all target groups Support school programmes and field studies. Shows Creative ideas competition for architecture students and engineering students

3) Institutional coordination Advisory service and guidelines for citizens and professionals : Support comprehensive guidelines regarding architecture maintenance and conservation for citizens and professionals, adaptive reuse and integrations modern use facilities in a heritage context (ie : integrated and sustainable contemporary architecture design, integrated cell phone antena and air conditionning elements, public space, etc.).

Consider the creation of a specialized planning office or hub which could work at the regional and inter state level for designing integarated management plans and design and implement projects. This hub could develop and maintain wider linkages and international cooperation. Foressee a management study for the creation of such a body. Continued training for professionals : cross cutting and interdepartment approach. Develop training course. Through the implementation of a pilot project, test a coordination process between institutions and departments and the private sector Promote a heritage focused building permit visa procedure

4) Financial incentives Support the establishment of a fund for conservation and maintenance for public buildings Tax relief policies to support maintenance and conservation of privately owned buildings : owners and tenants policies Resources aquisition plan to support public tax relief initiatives Building right processes initiatives

5) Business and economic development initiatives Promote and assess development and marketing needs at corporate level and small business and cottage industry level Assess needs and use the conservation focused management planning policy as an incentive and backbone to develop incentives. Support cultural tourism initiatives and tourism plan. Adapt tourism industry and develop indicators

Multilayer approach of heritage - Le Corbusier nomination project and the network of Le Corbusier sites Historic city at large going beyond the Le Corbusier nomination Intangible heritage and social activity of the city