Amerigo Vespucci By Dylan Alikhan and Sabina Beleuz

Background Information  l  B orn in Florence, Italy during the Renaissance period; lived from   An Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer.   Vespucci was sent to his uncle Giorgio, a priest, in the Republic of Florence (now Italy) to study logic, theology, grammar, history, and poetry.   As a young boy, Amerigo's happiest moments were studying the stars. He excelled in mathematics and his hobby was copying maps. His dream as a young boy was to travel and get a better picture about what the Earth looked like.   Vespucci spent his early career in the banking firm of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici.   Vespucci moved to Seville in 1491   In 1505 he became a Spanish citizen.   In 1508 Vespucci became Piloto Mayor (chief pilot) of Spain.

Purpose of Journey   Quicker way to sail to Asia   He was very interested in finding a quicker way to sail to Asia.   Find latitude in the Southern Hemisphere   Vespucci was interested in locating a star that was fixed to the South Pole as the North Star was fixed to the North Pole. If he found it, explorers would be able to find latitude in the Southern Hemisphere.   Although Vespucci didn't find the star, he did give map makers 3,300 miles more to add to their maps.   Discover where Columbus had actually reached   Vespucci wanted to find out for himself where Columbus had actually reached.   Columbus claims that he had reached Asia when he actually travelled to the Indies.   Finding treasure in the New World for Spain   In 1499, King Ferdinand V of Spain granted for Vespucci to explore the New World, in the hopes of finding treasure in the New World.   Claim land and waters for Portugal   In 1501, King Manuel of Portugal commissioned Vespucci to set sail to the New World to claim land and waters for Portugal.

Route of Expedition   He claimed that he made four voyages: 1497, 1499, 1501, and   First voyage   Vespucci wrote a letter describing of a lengthy visit to the New World, leaving Spain in May 1497 and returning in October   Second voyage   Vespucci went as an astronomer and "as a merchant" from the Spanish city of Cadiz on May 18th, 1499, in an expedition led by a Spanish explorer, Alonso de Ojeda.   The intention was to sail around the southern end of the African mainland into the Indian Ocean.   He traveled to Guyana, after sailed southward, discovering the mouth of the Amazon River, and Trinidad, and returning to Spain by way of Hispaniola.   Third voyage   Vespucci set sail from Lisbon on May 13th, 1501, in the service of Portugal.   The fleet sailed first to Cape Verde, after that to coast of Brazil, they sailed south along the coast of South America.   In this expedition, Vespucci mapped Alpha, Beta Centauri, and constellation Crux (the Southern Cross)   On his return to Lisbon, Vespucci wrote in a letter( Mundus Novus -New World) to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici that the land masses they explored were much larger than anticipated and different from the Asia described by Ptolemy or Marco Polo and therefore, must be a New World   The expedition returned home in March,   Fourth voyage   Little is known of his last voyage in 1503–1504 or even whether it actually took place.

Hardships Faced   Sailors could estimate their north-south position by watching the North Star at night. However, as a ship travelled further south, the North Star appeared lower in the sky. This made it difficult to map out distance east and west. Vespucci began to keep track of his distance from the equator and used stars and other constellations not visible in Europe.   Vespucci and his crew had difficulties exploring the New World on foot because of the dense forests.   It was initially difficult to communicate with the natives but he was able to teach them sign language.   Vespucci and his crew were frequently attacked by native tribes when they tried to land on the shore.   Vespucci’s forth voyage was his last, because he contracted malaria and died in Spain in the year 1512 at the age of 58.

Other Notable Occurrences The controversy   Soon after Vespucci’s death, scholars were questioning his claim of discovery, they found very little evidence supporting his claim of having a voyage in   He had claimed to have led all his expedition but he was only navigator or commander of a single ship.   In 1507 the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller, printed the first map that used the name “America” for the New World clearly named after Amerigo Vespucci.   As a young man he read widely and collected books and maps. He began working for local bankers and was sent to Spain in 1492 to look after his employer's business interests.   Amerigo Vespucci also described the culture of the indigenous people, and focused on their diet, religion, and what made these letters very popular - their sexual, marriage, and childbirth practices.   He excelled in mathematics and his hobby was copying maps. His dream as a young boy was to travel and get a better picture about what the Earth looked like. Amerigo spent half of his life as a business man hoping to strike it rich so he could explore

Historical Contributions   Best Known As: The explorer after whose name was given to the American continents by Waldsmuller in 1507   Vespucci was the first European which understood that the lands across the Atlantic were "new worlds.“   European public learned about the newly discovered continent of the Americas for the first time from Lettera al Soderini (Lettera)   a letter in Italian addressed to Piero Soderini.   Printed in 1504 or 1505, it claimed to be an account of four voyages to the Americas made by Vespucci between 1497 and 1504   In his life time, Vespucci advanced the study of navigation, cartography, and astronomy:   Vespucci’s methods for calculating longitude were more accurate than the traditional means.   Vespucci estimated the size of the Earth’s surface quiet accurately and he was just 50 miles short off its actual circumference.   Vespucci exchanged ideas with map makers and scientists after his expeditions so they could revise their maps and measurements of the Earth’s circumference.   In 1508, after only two voyages to the Americas, the position of chief of navigation of Spain was created for Vespucci, with the responsibility of :   planning navigation.   commissioned him to found a school of navigation, in order to standardize and modernize navigation techniques used by Iberian sea captains then exploring the world.

Did Vespucci discover America? No!   On 12 October 1492 Christopher Columbus was the first to reach land to the west of America in the Bahamas.   Christopher Columbus was followed by Vespucci and many other explorers who were all searching for a passage to the Indies.

Bibliography Books:   Fritz, Jean. Around the World in a Hundred Years. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1994.Print   Burton, Rosemary and Cavendish, Richard and Stonehouse, Bernard. Journeys of the Great Explorers. Hampshire: A.A Publishing, 1992.Print   Wyatt, Valerie. Who Discovered America? Kids Can Press Ltd. 2008, Toronto, Ontario.   Ray, Kurt. Amerigo, Vespucci, Italian Explorer of the Americas. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc New York, NY. Websites: “Vespucci, Amerigo.” Chronicles of America. N.p, Web. 26 April “ Vespucci, Amerigo.” About.com: Geography. The New York Times Company, Web. 23 April 2010 Alchin, L.K. “Vespucci, Amerigo.” Elizabethan-era.org.uk. N.p, n.d. Web. April Tomasson, David. “All Individual Explorers.pdf” Tomasson History. N.p, n.d. Web. April Pictures: Encyclopaedias:   Moyer, Ann E. “Vespucci, Amerigo.” World Book Student. World Book, 2010 Web. 25 April   N.A “Vespucci, Amerigo.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2010 Web. 25 April 2010.

Quiz Vespucci claimed to have six voyages. There is a controversy about Vespucci’s claim of having a voyage in Vespucci was voyaging to find an ancient map. Vespucci was born in Florence, Italy. True False Click here to go back to beginning of presentation! Click here to go back to beginning of presentation! Play Sound

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