Communicable Diseases Chapter 24 Lesson: 1

Vocabulary Terms Communicable disease, pathogen, infection, viruses, bacteria, toxin, vector

Communicable Disease are… Communicable Disease is a disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment.

Pathogens An organism that causes diseases is known as a … Common pathogens: -Viruses – bacteria – fungi, etc

Diseases by Pathogen Type Common cold Influenza Viral pneumonia Viral hepititus Polio Mononucleosis Chicken pox Herpes Rabies (batman?) Athlete’s foot Ringworm Vaginal yeast infecion Bacterial food borne illness Strep throat Tuberculosis Gonorrhea Lyme disease Pink eye Bacterial pneumonia Viruses Bacteria Fungi

Infections Infections are conditions that occur when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage the body cells. If the body is unable to fight off the infection, a disease develops.

Two familiar diseases caused by VIRUSES? Common cold & Flu

Viruses Viruses are pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Alone they are INACTIVE. They need living cells to reproduce. After a virus penetrates a cell, called the host cell, the virus takes control of the cell to manufacture more viruses.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth. Some bacteria produce toxins, a substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions. Like most other organisms that enter the body of a healthy individual, bacteria are usually destroyed by the immune system. Most bacterial diseases can be treated with antibiotics.

Other types of pathogens: Fungi are plantlike organisms, such as molds or yeasts. Protozoans are single-celled organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria. Rickettsias are pathogens that resemble bacteria.

How are diseases transmitted? Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne transmission

Direct Contact Pathogens are transmitted by direct contact with an infected person or animal or with something in the environment. Direct contact includes: TOUCHING BITING KISSING SEXUAL CONTACT SNEEZING COUGHING *A pregnant mom can spread infection to her unborn child through the placenta.

Indirect Contact CONTAMINATED OBJECTS Sneezing on the table VECTORS An organism that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or animals. Mosquito, tick, bird WATER AND FOOD Careless handling & storage Salmonella Some diseases can be transmitted indirectly, without being close to the affected person. Indirect contact includes:

Airborne Transmission Pathogens from a sneezeor cough may float for along time and travel a longdistance. Airborne is DIFFERENTthan direct contact because the pathogens don’t settlequickly on surfaces. You don’t have to be closeto the person to inhale thepathogens.

What are some strategies to prevent the spread of communicable diseases?

Strategies: Wash your hands with SOAP. Handle food properly. Eat a balanced diet (good immune system) Avoid unnecessary contact with people who are ill. Abstinence? Protection? Sex? What??? Manage stress, too much make you vulnerable to diseases.

Bell Ringer How does the body protect itself against invading pathogens?

Preventing Communicable Diseases Lesson: 2

Vocabulary Terms Immune system, inflammatory response, phagocyte, antigen, immunity, lymphocyte antibody, vaccine.

Immune System 24/7 your body is exposed to over a million pathogens. Most of the time, you body manages to stay free of infection because of your immune system. Your immune system is a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens.

Inflammatory Response Inflammatory response is a reaction to tissue damaged caused by injury or infection. Purpose: to prevent further tissue damage & HALT further pathogens from entering. Ex: Splinter in finger Symptoms: hot, swollen, red, painful = I.R.

Phagocyte First guy to respond to the injured site is the phagocyte. White blood cell that attacks invading pathogens. Engulf pathogens & destroy them with chemicals. Once under control, tissue repair begins again.

Immune Response Fig Pathogens invade the body. 2.Macrophages engulf the pathogen. 3.Macrophages digest the pathogen and T cells recognize antigens of the pathogens as invaders. 4.T cells bind to the antigens. 5.B cells bind to antigens & helper T cells. 6.B cells divide to produce plasma cells. 7.Plasma cells release antibodies into the bloodstream. 8.Antibodies bind to antigens to help other cells identify & destroy pathogens.

Vocabulary Antigen: substance that is capable of triggering an immune response. Lymphocyte: specialized WBC’s that coordinate and perform many functions specific to immunity. Antibody: proteins that act against specific antigens. Vaccine: a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced to the body to stimulate an immune response.

Passive vs. Active Immunity Read page 631

Body’s 1 st Line of Defense -Skin (1 st line) - Tears & saliva (contains enzymes that destroy) -Mucous membranes (mouth, nose, bronchial tubes) -Cilia (hairlike projections that line respiratory system) -Gastric juice (stomach destroys in nose & mouth)

2 nd Line of D Bleeding Ex. “wash” the wound & clot White Blood Cells aka Leukocytes Several kinds

3 rd Line of D Swelling/Inflammation Fever Show Symptoms Go to Doctor!

Is there a vaccine to prevent the common cold? Developing a vaccine to prevent colds is difficult. More than 200 different viruses can cause the common cold. This means that more than 200 different vaccines would have to be developed to prevent this illness.

Care of the Immune System Health behaviors greatly reduce your chance of contracting a disease or getting an infection. When you keep your body strong and healthy, your immune system is better able to fight off pathogens! Follow a sensible eating plan to maintain health and strength. Drink up to 8 glasses of water EVERY day. Get plenty of GOOD rest. Get an hour of physical activity each day. Avoid sharing personal items: toothbrushes, towels, makeup. Avoid ATOD Avoid sexual contact, some STI’s (HIV) destroys the immune system.

Chain of Infectious Diseases

CHAIN Pathogen – Virus, bacteria, fungi, etc. Host – What’s causing the infection? Reservoir - The natural habitat of an infectious agent; Place where an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies. Place of Exit - Way to leave the reservoir. Methods of Transmission – How the agent is transmitted to the host - direct or indirect or airborne transmission. Place of Entry - Way to leave the reservoir.

How do we break the chain of infection?

Mononucleosis Measles AIDS Meningitis Chicken Pox Herpes Rabies Smallpox Bacterial Foodborne Illness – Salmonella Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Common Cold Hepatitis B Polio Strep Throat Tuberculosis Diphtheria Gonorrhea Lyme Disease Pink Eye Athlete’s Foot Ringworm Malaria Thypus (Tyhoid Fever) Influenza Pnuemonia

Assignment Due: Name – 1pt Description – 1pt Symptoms – 3 pts Complications – 2 pts Chain Parts – 2 pts each Suspected & Prevention – 6 pts = 25 POINTS TOTAL