“Preparing for Science” Chapter Review Please open your books to pages 36 & 37 and get out your Answer Sheet.

Vocabulary Review Use the terms to complete the sentences. pan balance spring scale hypothesis dependent variable independent variable scientific method

1. You might use a _________________if you want to measure the mass of an object. Pan balance

2. The most important thing about a ____________________ is that you must be able to test it. hypothesis

3. You change the _______________ to see what effect, if any, it has on other factors. independent variable In this picture, what is being changed? The amount of sunlight.

4. The _________________ is an accepted, organized way to find an answer to a problem. scientific method

5. You might use a _________________ if you want to measure the amount of force you are exerting. spring scale

6. The ________________ may or may not change when the other variable change. dependent variable (It is what is being measured, so it may not change. It depends what is being applied to it.) What is being measured in this picture of a beaker of water being heated by a Bunsen burner? The temperature!

Check your answers for # pan balance 2.hypothesis 3.independent variable 4.scientific method 5.spring scale 6.dependent variable Do you have any questions about these answers?

Check Understanding Choose the correct answer for each multiple choice question.

7. Which of the following tools might you use to examine a tiny flower? A. a hand lens B. a graduated cylinder C. a meterstick D. a scanning electron microscope A. A hand lens

What is a Scanning Electron Microscope any way?? The specimen is specially prepared. It must be coated with something to make it conduct electricity—such as a thin layer of gold—to activate the electrons. The prepared object is placed in the bottom of a special column that creates a vacuum when all the air is pumped out. At the top of the column electrons are shot out of it. Inside the column are lenses that focus the electrons on the specimen. Above the specimen, scanning coils move the electron beam back and forth across the entire object. When the beam moves across the specimen, it knocks other electrons off. The movements of these electrons are recorded and enhanced. The microscope is able to create a picture of the specimen based on the way the electrons bounce off it. The picture appears on a monitor. What you see when you look through a light microscope is a magnified image made from light reflecting off an object. In the case of a SEM, you do not see light but the activity of the electrons. tml (Virtual Scanning Microscope) tml

8. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS: Why might you investigate something by making careful observations but not by performing an experiment? F. The thing is too small to handle easily. G. The thing is too far away to work with. H. Observing is easier. J. Observing is more fun. G.The thing is too far away to work with

9. Which inquiry skill involves taking information from your observations and using logical reasoning to come to a conclusion? A.classify/order B.infer C.hypothesize D.predict B. infer

10. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS: Which inquiry skill involves stating what you think will happen, based on patterns you've observed and your own experience? F. infer G. draw conclusions H. identify variables J. predict J. predict

11. What scientific lab tool is this? A. a beaker B. a graduated cylinder C. a measuring cup D. a pan balance A. a beaker

12. Which of the following enables you to see the smallest details? F. a hand lens G. a magnifying box H. a regular microscope J. a scanning electron microscope J. a scanning electron microscope

13. Which method would you use to investigate this lizard? A. construct a model B. make detailed observations and keep careful notes C. perform an experiment D. use a model that someone else constructed B. make detailed observations and keep careful notes

14. Why do scientists use theories? F. so they don't have to work hard G. so they can make predictions about new situations H. so other scientists will admire their work J. so they can point out problems with the work of scientists who came before G. So they can make predictions about new situations.

15. What is the first step of the scientific method? A. test your hypothesis B. observe and ask questions C. experiment D. draw conclusions B. observe and ask questions

16. Which would be the better way to display data if you were to compare the masses of several objects? F. bar graph G. circle graph H. line graph J. scale graph F. bar graph

Check your answers! 7.A 8.G 9.B 10. J 11.A 12. J 13.B 14.G 15.B 16.F

Open-Ended Questions for #17-20 Inquiry Skills and Critical Thinking questions are open-ended questions. You will need to write at least one complete sentence for each answer.

17. You want to find out how temperature affects the electric output of batteries. You're going to use one brand and size of battery. You decide to chill one battery, put one in sunlight for an hour, and leave one as a control. Identify the independent and dependent variables in your experiment. The independent variable is the temperature. The dependent variable is the electric output.

18. Predict what would happen if an experiment was planned and carried out with an experimental group and a control group that differ from each other in more than one way. If the control group differs in more than one way, the results will not be accurate. There will be no way to determine what caused the observed effects.

19. Suppose you want to find out how a pond in your neighborhood changes over time. What methods would you use? How would you record the data you collected? I would use careful observations and measurement with multiple ways of recording data (photographs, tables, graphs).

20. Suppose you observe an odd event and have some questions about it. What step would you take first in your investigation? How would you proceed? I would first formulate a possible explanation for what caused the event (hypothesis) that can be tested. Then, I would perform steps 3 to 6 of the scientific method (test, analyze data, draw conclusions, and share results).

Check your answers for # The independent variable is the temperature. The dependent variable is the electric output. 18.If the control group differs in more than one way, the results will not be accurate. There will be no way to determine what caused the observed effects. 19.I would use careful observations and measurement with multiple ways of recording data (photographs, tables, graphs). 20.I would first formulate a possible explanation for what caused the event (hypothesis) that can be tested. Then, I would perform steps 3 to 6 of the scientific method (test, analyze data, draw conclusions, and share results).

How can I prepare for my test? 1.Read and re-read the “Preparing for Science” chapter. Look at the key words and pictures. Read the captions for the pictures, too. 2.Study vocabulary flashcards. 3.Review warm-ups and notes. 4.Play a review game, such as the Jeopardy game online. 5.Ask questions!