Characterization of manufacturing (Wright, Ch1-2) Technology –Production Technology
Production Technology Manufacturing Construction "Processing” Service? Other?
Manufacturing = “systems that transform materials into products in a central location (factory)” (Wright, p.25)
Manufacturing = “A series of interrelated activities and operations that involve product design, and the planning, producing, materials control, quality assurance, management, and marketing of that product” (Biekert, p.348)
Manufacturing = “Building and servicing products that are not attached to a site”
Manufacturing systems Systems approaches List the subsystems of manufacturing
Modeling manufacturing systems IPO; Universal Systems Model DPUA PTUD Production Technology Cycle (Ritz)
IPO Input --> Process --> Output Goals Feedback
DPUA Design Produce Use Assess
PTUD Procurement Transformation Utilization Disposition
Procurement (getting) Harvesting Extracting
Transformation (changing) Separating Combining Conditioning Forming Casting and Molding Finishing Other
Utilization by industry by end consumer reuse
Disposition (getting rid of) Reusing Recycling Storage –Air –Land –Water –Space
"Production Technology Cycle” Materials Formation Extraction Materials Processing (primary) Transformation (secondary) Marketing Servicing Recovery (back to Materials Formation)
Benefits of Production Technology Economic Growth Employment Meeting consumer wants Creating a diversity of products Product improvement Other
Drawbacks of Production Technology Material resource depletion Energy Depletion Pollution Short-Life Products Materialism (Throw-away attitudes) Technophobia Other
The goals of manufacturing Classic, capitalistic: “To increase the profits of the company” “To improve the well-being of humans” (Ritz, p.39) What would be a better goal?
Major Stages in the Evolution of Production Systems Household (within the home; no surplus) Handicraft (home or shop; surplus) Factory (centralized; mass production) Automated (automated machinery) Cybernetic (totally controlled by computer) [What might the next stage be?]
Classification Lot size –Individual –Batch –Continuous Specifications –Stock –Custom
Manufacturing contexts Cultural Industrial/non-industrial Economic Environmental Other
Manufacturing inputs: People Legal considerations Ethical considerations Labor capabilities
Manufacturing inputs: Information Product design Product specifications Regulatory information Other
Other manufacturing inputs Materials Environment Tools and equipment Energy –Environmental considerations –Supply Finance
Manufacturing support systems Potential demand Storage Transportation Distribution Utilities and services
Manufacturing support systems Information network Management Timing Legal framework Other
Manufacturing processes Materials processing review Energy processing review Information processing review Synthesis of processes
Manufacturing outputs Products Services Energy Information Waste Other
Impacts of manufacturing Effect on the consumer Culture and society Effect on the worker Environmental impacts Other
Manufacturing Engineering (ME) Purpose –Responsibilities Coordination –A variety of approaches Personnel –Training
ME: Principles 1 Precision –Accuracy (stop watch exercise) –Tolerance Contamination Standardization and Interchangeability
ME: Principles 2 Continuity –Redundancy Synchronization Efficiency Flexibility Experimentation and Testing
ME: Facility Siting –Transportation –Storage –Legal –Proximity Technical requirements –Utilities and Access Design Implementation
ME: Quality Assurance Purpose Total quality management Inspection and sampling Statistical process control
ME: Equipment Tools and Machinery Tooling Materials Handling Safety Testing and Measuring Other
ME: Common Types of Tooling Jigs & fixtures Patterns & templates Gages Other
ME: Concepts in Tooling Registration Accumulation of tolerances Effects of wear and fatigue Vectors Chip removal Other
ME: Tooling Purpose Design Installation Evaluation Maintenance Alternatives
ME: Materials Handling Engineering Storage Transport Inventory Safety
ME: Transport Equipment Gravity Fed –Hoppers –Tubes and Rails Pressurized –Pipelines Motorized –Conveyors –Lifts –AGVs
ME: Inventory Parameters Tracking systems
ME: Impacts of Manufacturing on Design Design for Manufacture Design for Assembly Rapid Prototyping Near Net Shape Processing Other
ME: Workstation Design Human Requirements Physical Needs –Anthropometrics and Limitations –Ergonomics –Worker Safety –Special needs Social and Psychological Needs
ME: Maintenance Engineering Scheduled maintenance Unscheduled maintenance Scheduled upgrades Service contracts