Unit 4 Imperialism America builds an Empire "We have a record of conquest, colonization and expansion unequalled by any people in the Nineteenth Century. We are not about to be curbed now." Henry Cabot Lodge, Senator from Massachusetts, 1895

What is Foreign Policy  A country’s policies toward other nations -International Anarchy (Sovereign nations depend on their own military & economic power) -Balance of Power (No one country becomes to powerful) -Control of US Foreign Policy (President & Congress both play a role) -Traditional Foreign Policy (George Washington’s farewell address (no foreign entanglements) -National Interests (Security, economic investments, and promoting democracy)

American Imperialism Reasons for Colonial Expansion  Imperialists (supported Imperialism) like Henry Cabot Lodge wanted US to get colonies -Colonies provided for raw materials and new markets for US industries -Colonies would help US naval strength (bases) against other major world countries who already had colonies

U. S. Colonial Empire  Nationalism: Would show others nations how strong US had become  Expansionism: Raise US prestige & influence across the world  US missionaries sought to spread the Christian religion, ideals, and technology to other native peoples  US ideas are superior to those of other nations, so it must spread

The Anti-Imperialists  Opposed the acquisition of colonies by the United States Americans didn’t support new taxes and expenses of imperialism Possible compulsory (required) military service to protect colonies Many felt would lead to more immigration into US  Felt it violated the ideals and spirit of democracy  Many felt that racism was part of imperialism

Alfred Thayer Mahan  Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History  Imperialist who argued for making US into a world power through Naval Power  The US needed a strong navy, merchant marine to protect its colonial interests  Colonies to serve as coaling stations and places for trade

Pro/Anti Imperialism  Pro Imperialism  Anti Imperialism

Imperialism Caricatures  On your sheet of notebook paper, you will create a caricature about Imperialism.  You are going to create a caricature, or exaggerated cartoon, of a Pro Imperialist or of an Anti Imperialist. Caricatures possess distorted or exaggerated characteristics of a person.  Each caricature will have five exaggerated characteristics or objects based on the Pro & Anti characteristics of Imperialism that we discussed today.  Draw an arrow to the distorted characteristics or objects and label them telling me which characteristic they represent.  Make sure your caricature is colorful and neat, though you will not be graded on artistic talent.

The Spanish American War "We are face-to-face with a strange destiny. The taste of empire is in the mouth..." Washington Post 1898

The Spanish American War (1898) Causes:  Humanitarian concerns, harsh treatment of Cubans by Spain  Yellow Journalism (sensational telling of events by American newspapers  Protect US economic interests in Cuba

The Spanish American War (1898) Causes:  Publication of the De Lome Letter calling Pres. McKinley “weak”  Mysterious explosion and Sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor  When agreement could not be reached, Pres. McKinley asked Congress to intervene

The Spanish American War (1898)  The war was fought in the Caribbean (Cuba) and the Pacific (Philippines)  The US Fleet defeated the Spanish at Manila Bay in Philippines  Theodore Roosevelt’s “rough riders” joined US troops in Cuba  Other forces captured Guam and Puerto Rico

The Spanish American War (1898) Results:  US annexed (gets) Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam  Cuba became a virtual US protectorate, under the Platt Amendment (allows US to intervene at anytime)

The Spanish American War (1898) Why War is considered a turning point  Ended Spanish colonial empire in Americas, and US controlled its former colonies of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines  US got to display its naval strength to the world  Saw emergence of US as a world power

American Imperialism Abroad US involvement in the Pacific, in Asia and the Caribbean

U.S. Involvement in the Pacific  US annexes Hawaii, Samoa, and Midway in the Pacific  Philippines—Wanted Independence and got annexation, Filipino rebels resist US rule

U.S. Involvement in the Pacific  In Hawaii, American plantation owners overthrew Queen Liliuokalani  Sandford Dole becomes President and later first Governor  Pacific Islands—Serve as refueling stations & naval bases:  Guam, Samoa, Midway

U.S. involvement in East Asia  China—European powers establish “spheres of influence” in China  John Hay’s announced Open Door Policy in China to protect US trade interests

U.S. involvement in East Asia  Boxer Rebellion (1900)—Uprising by Boxers against Western influence in China  Foreign intervention by US and other countries suppress Boxer rebellion  Hay opposed attempts by European powers to break up China after the rebellion

U.S. involvement in East Asia  Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade  US becomes first power to trade with Japan, ending traditional Japanese isolation  Japan then industrialized and emerges as the leading military power in Asia (defeating China and Russia in major wars)

U.S. involvement in the Caribbean  Reasons for U.S. interest in the Caribbean  Hemispheric security (keep foreign powers out of Caribbean for US security)  America acquires Puerto Rico and establishes indirect control of Cuba  Protect its economic investments (supplier of agricultural products and market for American investments)  Need for canal zone in Panama

Construction of Panama Canal  The Spanish-American War demonstrated the need for a canal through Central America so US warships could move back and forth between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans  President Roosevelt helps Panamanians rebel against Columbia in exchange for a canal zone

Construction of Panama Canal  US takes 10 years to construct canal, ends the need for a two- ocean navy

Caribbean as an “American Lake”  Monroe Doctrine (No European colonies in W. Hemisphere)  Roosevelt Corollary extends Monroe Doctrine(US has the right to intervene in Latin America)  Roosevelt asserted the right to intervene under his “Big Stick Policy” (using military strength to influence foreign policy of other countries)  TR uses policy frequently which caused resentment in Latin America

Caribbean as an “American Lake”  Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy -Wanted US businesses to invest in Latin America (used military to regain money if not paid)  Wilson’s “Watchful Waiting” Policy or Moral Diplomacy -(using moral and legal standards) in foreign policy -Uses policy in Mexico to aid democratic government, and hunt for Pancho Villa

End Results of US Imperialism  Mixed reactions by the rest of the world to US imperialism US is disliked in Latin America because imperialism backs unpopular governments Other countries turn to US imperialism for economic and military aid

History Frame Title of Event: Spanish American War (Splendid Little War) Problem: Key Episodes or events: Participants/Key Players: Where: When: Resolution or Outcome: Why is this important?

Foreign Policy by President Teddy Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Taft’s foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy Big Stick DiplomacyDollar DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy

Imperialism Invitation  Now that America has won the Spanish American War and moved into the Imperialism Era you will create an invitation, inviting people to celebrate with America. In your invitation you will include the following: (Groups of no more than 3 people) --when (important year) (1) --who will be invited (any important people) (2) --where the party will take place (any important countries or regions) (3) --what activities will be found at the party (causes & effects) (4) -- five pictures detailing the celebrations (the pictures need to be important objects associated with the Spanish American War) --be sure to color your picture and decorate your invitation --you will have a quiz over this in the last ten minutes of class *the more creative you are the better your grade will be

Invitation Evaluation  For each category you will choose one poster that you think is the best for that category. You will then write the black letter on your paper and explain why you chose that poster. You can only use each poster once so make sure to view them all before you make your decision.  The five categories are:  where (location)  who (people they invited)  what (activities)  Pictures  and overall design. When you have voted on all five categories your final vote is which of these parties would you most like to attend and why? DON”T VOTE FOR YOUR POSTER IN ANY CATEGORY