Disaster Risk Management Concepts and Applications Southern Province of Sri Lanka 1

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GALLE SRI LANKA

Southern Province

Type of Disasters in Sri Lanka Flood Landslide Drought Earthquake Coastal Erosion Cyclone Tsunamis 5

6 Flood LandslideDroughtCoastal Erosion

Damages due to Disasters Death or Disability of Human Tourist Infrastructure Damage Environmental Damage Income Losses Loss of Job Market Loss or damage of Equipments Loss of confidence 7

8 Damages TANGIBLE LOSSES TANGIBLE LOSSES -Measurable effects in Monetary Terms. INTANGIBLE LOSSES INTANGIBLE LOSSES -Effects those can not be converted to Monetary Terms. DAMAGES CAUSED BY DISASTERS

9 ConsequenceMeasureTangibleIntangible DeathsNo. of People Loss of active individuals. Social and psychological effects of remaining community. InjuriesNo. of people % disability Medical Costs loss of productivity. Temporary loss of economic activity. Social and psychological effects of relatives & injured, pain & recovery. Damages caused by disasters

Number dead – 30, 959 Number missing – 5, 644 Number displaced – 500, 669 SRI LANKA Tsunamis 2004

Enormous property damage Over 900 km of coastline affected

Almost the entire coastal railway line from Colombo to Matara was severely damaged.

Economic Impact of Tsunamis 2004 Cost of asset losses around $ 900 million (4.3% of GDP) Fishing and Tourism sector losses % of GDP Tourism sector Infrastructure and Equipment losses $250 million 13

Tourist Sector indicators Tourist visits Reduced in 2005 up to Job losses ( Direct & Indirect) Reduced output of the sector M $ The government target revenue of $2.75 billion by 2016 from 2.5 million tourist visits Tourist arrivals

What is disaster risk management? Disaster risk management includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve Prevention Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery and Rehabilitation. Disaster risk management involves all levels of government. Non-governmental and community- based organizations play a vital role in the process. 15

Disaster risk management Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction and utilization of available counter-disaster resources The modern view is that there must be pre- disaster mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impact of disasters. Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigate disasters are called Risk Management 16

17 Disaster Disaster Preparedness Disaster Mitigation Disaster Prevention Reconstruction Emergency Response Warning Rehabilitation Disaster Risk Management

18 Concepts of the Risk and its Analysis: The Risk Triangle: RISK Exposure Vulnerability Hazard Risk is a combination of the interaction of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, which can be represented by the three sides of a triangle. If any one of these sides increases, the area of the triangle increases, hence the amount of risk also increases. If any one of the sides reduces, the risk reduces. If we can eliminate one side there is no risk.

What are we going to manage? Disasters or Disaster Risk 19

Risk Management Process Risk management has three components.  Risk identification  Risk transfer  Risk reduction Risk identification has to be done through mapping and using other available technological options. It is usual to allocate risk management to a national level agency. At local level it may be the responsibility of a local level agency e.g. District Disaster Mitigation Committee, which may administer risk management. 20

Risk reduction Effective risk reduction involves mitigation measures in hazard prone areas. It may also involve overcoming the socio- economic, institutional and political barriers to the adoption of effective risk reduction strategies and measures. 21

Risk Transfer Effective risk transfer involves different tools such as insurance, tax policies, special measures focused on land management. Organizational structure, policies, legislation, etc. are required for effective implementation of risk transfer strategies for a country or local government area. 22

By managing risk, we may prevent disasters Reduce Vulnerabilities Understand behavior of hazards Reduce vulnerabilities Reduce the possibility for exposure Increase / improve readiness (capacity, capability, efficiency, effectiveness) Mitigate the impact of hazards 23

COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS FOR TSUNAMI

Early warning is timely information, advisory and warning to individuals, groups or populations on:  the existence of danger  what can be done to prevent, avoid, or minimize the danger

EVACUATION

An organized movement of people from an area of risk to a safer location Cyclone, flooding After serious damage to homes or community TSUNAMI, EARTHQUAKE, FIRE WHEN?

From March, 2005 Department of Meteorology is functioning as the Tsunami Early Warning Centre Working on 24 x 7 basis Linked with other centres in the region  Linked with Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission’s (IOC) Tsunami Warning System  Information regarding major earthquakes in the region are received from Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC), Hawaii and Japan Meteorological Administration (JMA)

How Warnings are disseminated: 1. Police (Police Communication to all Police stations) 2. Media (Radio and television) 3. District Disaster Management Units 4. Mobile systems – Cell broadcast, SMS 5. Warning towers ?

District Disaster Management Units Disaster Warning/Alert from Cbo District Unit/Committees Divisional Committees Village level Committees 5 Sub Committees

City of Galle

Galle Bus stand after Tsunami 32

New Bus stand - Galle 33

Tourist Destinations 34

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Thanks 38