YOU CAN ALSO BE AN ANALITYCAL CHEMIST Emilia Grygo-Szymanko Paweł Świt Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Chemistry Department of Analytical Chemistry

Even Cinderella used separation technique to separate substances from the mixture! In daily life different methods are usually used for that purpose. To separate substances from a mixture of chemical compounds, chemists often use liquid chromatography and, to be more precise, paper chromatography. How does it work? The principle is simple, substances of mixture are separated between the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (solvent). Capillary forces causes elution of the individual components of the mixture with different speeds, which can migrate (‘climb’) upwards into the paper. CHROMATOGRAPHY

Apply a drop with the use of marker (1) on the piece of paper (10 cm x 3 cm), near the edge. Prepared segment of paper with the sample place into the jar, where at the bottom is salicylic alcohol, polish nail remover or vinegar (2). As a result, applied ink from a marker will be separated on the surface of paper (3). 1 23

TITRATION Certainly you have seen the TV ads about hyperacidity. This problem can be solved by the use of appropriate medicine. Chemists call this interaction "neutralization". In the chemical lab, to add a base to acid you can use special laboratory equipment – a set for titration. The titration is a slow addition of one solution with a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution with unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization (color change caused by addition of indicator). The titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

TITRATION A classical set for titration Semi-automatic titration set Add 2 – 4 drops of phenolphthalein (indicator) to a flask with solution 2. Solution 1: 1 mol·dm -3 NaOH, Solution 2: 1 mol·dm -3 HCl

test strips GENERAL HARDNESS NO 3 - NO 2 - CARBONATE HARDNESS pH OF WATER Cl - SCALE Using a commercially available test you can investigate the water hardness, pH samples or detect anions in a solution. Tap water Filtered waterunfiltered water

CuSO 4 NaCl COLORS OF FIRE Did you ever wonder how colors are made of fireworks? These colors are the result of the presence of selected ions. Sr 2+ Na + Cu 2+ Ba 2+ Sr 2+ &Cu 2+