Organizing Life’s Diversity Classification & Taxonomy Ch 17

What is Taxonomy? p114  Warm up: what is classification?  Taxonomy: The Branch of Biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of different characteristics.

Why Classify? p114 The classification of living things makes it easier for biologist to know: 1. # of species 2. characteristics of each 3. relationships between them

Aristotle ( B.C.) p114  Developed the first accepted biological classification.  There were Two Groups: 1. Plants2. Animals  Plants were then divided into 3 groups: herbs, shrubs, trees  Animals divided based on habitat and physical differences.

Aristotle p114  All organisms that fly were grouped together. Bats, Birds, Insects  Is this accurate?

Why Classify? p113  Is there anything in your life that you classify? (music, clothes, facebook friends, etc) Why do you think you classify them?  Answer questions 1-5 on the handout titled “Biological Classification”.

Levels of Classification p116 Warm up: video. Write 3 facts from the video.video Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species More Broad… More Specific

Classification pneumonic p115  Make an original pneumonic to remember the levels of classification  (1/4 page)

How are Organisms Classified? p116  Organisms are grouped into taxa. Taxa: Groups of classification  Taxa start off broad and become more specific.

Taxa

Linnaeus ( ) p116  Used physiological and structural similarities to classify organisms.  Showed evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Linnaeus p116  Binomial Nomenclature: Two-word naming to identify an organism. includes the Genus and the species of the animal.  Ex: Think of your name: Last, First (Your last name includes your entire family) (Your first name identifies you as an individual)

Binomial or Scientific Names: Ex: The wolf is classified as:  Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: lupus What is the Binomial or Scientific name?

Concept Map p115

Creating A Dichotomous Key. Choose one of the following groups— fruit, cereal, or veggies—and create a dichotomous key. 1. Banana 2. Orange 3. Apple 4. Pear 5. Strawberry 6. Cherry 1. Cheerios, Plain 2. Cheerios, Honey Nut 3. Raisin Bran 4. Fruit Loops 5. Bran Flakes, Plain 6. Golden Grahams 1. Cucumber 2. Zucchini 3. Green Pepper 4. Red Pepper 5. Red Onion 6. Green Bean Write or type on a blank sheet of paper and bring back to class Friday.

Cladistics: Modern Classification p118  Warm up: can Taxonomy show how life on earth evolved? Why or why not?  Cladistics: modern classification system that shows evolutionary relationships.  Used to identify and place new species. Careers in agriculture, wildlife ecology medicine, forestry, many more…

Branching Diagrams: several characteristics are listed along the line that points to the right. Each characteristic is shared by the animals to the right of it.

Cladogram Analysis p 117

Identifying Species p118  Dichotomous Key: A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.

DICHOTOMOUS KEY EXAMPLE 1. a. tail fins are horizontal—whale………………….go to 2 b. tail fins are vertical—fish……………………….go to 3 2. a. has teeth or tusk—toothed whale………………..go to 4 b. has no teeth………………………...BALEEN WHALE 3. a. has gill slits behind mouth—shark…….………...go to 5 b. has no gill slits……………………..NONSHARK FISH 4. a. black with white underside………….KILLER WHALE b. tusk, gray with dark spots………………....NARWHAL 5. a. head is hammershaped……..HAMMERHEAD SHARK b. tail is half the body length……….THRESHER SHARK

Make a Dichotomous Key p117  Use Page to complete a key for the different beetle types.  Look at the pictures  Take one characteristic and classify the beetles into 2 groups. Record the trait you used on your key.  Continue to form sub groups, each time dividing the beetles in half. Do this until you have each beetle in its own group.  Using the branching diagram you made, construct a dichotomous key for the beetles.  Remember, Each trait you used to differentiate the beetles must be put into a statement. 1A, 1B. 2A, 2B...