+ Class Rules and Procedures English is the only form of communication permitted in our classroom. Participation points will be deducted for the use of other languages Raise your hand and wait to be called on before speaking No one should be speaking at the same time as a teacher Zero tolerance for whispering and making fun of classmates Failure to participate in classroom discussion will result in the lowering of your participation grade. Late work will be penalized. Your score will be lowered 1 grade level for each day it is late.

+ Class Announcements Class Website 3°ESO Global / Forms and Documents Contact Information: with questions, comments, or concerns

+ Global Classrooms Overview Responsible Education Program Government of Cantabria – Fundación Botín. Helps young people: Get to know one another Recognize and express ideas and emotions Learn to make responsible decisions Develop self-control and self-esteem Improve social skills Simulation of sessions of the UN General Assembly

+ What is your role? 1. GET EXCITED! 2. Research 3. Make Speeches 4. Prepare Position Papers 5. Negotiate with allies and adversaries 6. Resolve conflicts

+ Warm Up! How many countries are there in the world? _________________ How many nations or member states are in the United Nations?

+ The United Nations A Review

+ Founding of the United Nations (UN) What: international organization created to serve as a forum for countries to communicate and negotiate differences Why: Founded to maintain good relations through the promotion peace, security, and international cooperation Failure of the League of Nations Allied Powers formed an alliance to fight against Axis Powers

+ Founding Continued… Who: 51 states met at the UN Conference for Int’l Organizations When: United Nations Charter was ratified on October 24, 1945 by the 5 permanent members of the Security Council Today the UN is comprised of 193 member states What is the name of the country that most recently joined the UN?

+ Purpose of the United Nations To maintain international peace and security To develop friendly relations among nations To cooperate in solving international problems To be the center for harmonizing actions of nations

+ Peacekeeping Missions are geared towards preserving peace & security

+ United Nations Core Goals Promote gender equality Fight climate change Reduce poverty Assist refugees Improve the well-being of people around the world.

+ Structure of the UN Comprised of six (6) main organs that carries out its operations 1. General Assembly 2. Security Council 3. Economic and Social Council 4. Trusteeship Council 5. International Court of Justice 6. The Secretariat

+ General Assembly (GA) A “parliament of nations,” which meets regularly and in special sessions to consider the world’s most pressing problems. Make decisions on key issues: peace and security, budget, membership Cannot force action by any State, but its recommendations are an important indication of world opinion Holds its annual regular session from the third week in September - December at the UN Headquarters in New York Work of the GA is also carried out by its six main committees, other subsidiary bodies, and the UN Secretariat.

+ 68 th United Nations General Assembly

+ Security Council The UN charter gives the Security Council primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. 15 Council Members in total Five permanent members: United Kingdom, France, USA, China, Russian Federation 10 are selected by the General Assembly for two-year terms Except in votes on procedural questions, a decision cannot stand if there is a no vote, or a veto, by a permanent member. Makes recommendations to the General Assembly on the appointment of a new Secretary-General and on the admission of new Members to the UN.

+ Security Council in Action

+ Economic and Social Council Coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations. Fosters international cooperation for economic and social development. Maintaining a vital link between the United Nations and civil society. Composed of 54 Member States, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. Meets in NYC for high-level meetings in July The Council’s sub-commissions meet regularly and report back to it. Commission of Human Rights, for example, monitors the observance of human rights throughout the world.

+ Trusteeship Council Established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories. Trust Territories were countries/territories designated by the UN as needing assistance with running their country. The UN body and seven member states - ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare them for self- government or independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence Its work now completed, the Trusteeship Council no longer meets. Today it consists of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

+ International Court of Justice Main judiciary organ of the UN 15 judges, who are elected by GA and the SC. The judges are chosen for their expertise; they do not represent countries The Court decides disputes between countries (not individuals), based on the voluntary participation of the States concerned

+ The Secretariat An international staff working in duty stations around the world Carries out the diverse day- to-day work of the UN. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations, and administers its programs and policies Secretary General is the head of the Secretariat Duties: Administering peacekeeping operations Mediating international disputes Surveying economic and social trends and problems Preparing stuides on human rights and sustainable development.

+ Current: Secretary General Ban Ki-moon (South Korea) Predecessor: Kofi Annan (Ghana) UN Secretary General

+ Any questions for me? Remember to raise your hand.

+ HOMEWORK! Review UN PowerPoint Presentation – Quiz on Friday Write down on paper I am sending around Research the amount of funding the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, as well as Japan and Germany contribute to the United Nations. Be sure to cite your sources What is a peacekeeping mission? (2 sentences) Why are they usually carried out? (2 sentences) Provide three (3) examples and why the UN decided to intervene (3 sentences for each example) Useful Websites United Nations official website British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Think-tank specializing in security studies

+ Classwork Begin working on United Nations Worksheet and Puzzle ____________________ Raise your hand if you have questions