DatesPage #DescriptionPossible GradeMy Grade 85Human Body 86CP: Systems/ H: Direction 87CP: - / H: Pig Drawing 88Ch Nervous 90 91Neurons 92CNS/PNS 93Senses 94Ch Skeletal Muscular Integumentary 100-

DatesPage #DescriptionPossible GradeMy Grade 101Ch. 37 Vocab/Questions 102Game? 103Circulatory Blood Respiratory Ch. 38 Vocab/Questions 110Food/Nutrition 111Digestion Excretory Ch. 39 Vocab/Questions 116Endocrine

DatesPage #DescriptionPossible GradeMy Grade 117Reproductive Endocrine Ch. 40 Vocab/Questions 122Disease 123Immune First Response 126Second Response 127Dissections (next slide)

DatesPage #Description for HonorsDescription for CPMy Grade 127Dissections Day Day Day 3Conclusion Day 4ALL DONE! Day Conclusion ALL DONE!

The Human Body System Intro Ch. 35: Nervous System Ch. 36: Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary Ch. 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Ch. 38: Digestive and Excretory/Urinary Ch. 39: Endocrine and Reproductive Ch. 40: Immune and Disease

Organization of the Body Every cell in the human body is both an independent unit and an interdependent part of a larger community—the entire organism. The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include: Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems Homeostasis is the systems ability to regulate internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 85 1/4

Cells: A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Individual cells in multicellular organisms are specialized: suited to perform a particular function. NBpg. 85 2/4

Tissues: A group of cells that perform a single function is called a tissue. There are four basic types of tissue in the human body: 1.Epithelial tissue includes glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior body surfaces. 2.Connective tissue supports the body and connects its parts. 3.Nervous tissue transmits nerve impulses through the body. 4.Muscle tissue, along with bones, enables the body to move. NBpg. 85 3/4

Organs and Organ Systems Organs are a group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a single function Organ System is a group of organs that perform closely related functions. There are eleven organ systems in the body. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall NBpg. 85 4/4

The Body Systems TBpg Write: The System's Name (highlight) The Structures and Function for each. CP: NBpg

Anatomical Directions Directions: Dorsal/Posterior : in back of Ventral/ Anterior : in front of Lateral : near/toward the sides Medial : near/toward the midline H: NBpg. 86 Top

Anatomical Directions Regions Superior/ Cranial: towards the top Inferior/ Caudal: towards the bottom Axial : center of the body Appendages : attached (limbs) Planes Sagittal : medial plane- left and right Transverse : horizontal plane- top and bottom Coronal : frontal plane- dorsal (back) & ventral (front) H: NBpg. 86 Middle

Anatomical Directions Relationship Superficial : on/near the surface Deep : below the surface Proximal : nearer to the center Distal : farther from the center H: NBpg. 86 Bottom

H: draw and label planes H: NBpg. 87

The Human Body System Ch. 35: Nervous System Ch. 36: Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary Ch. 37: Circulatory and Respiratory Ch. 38: Digestive and Excretory/Urinary Ch. 39: Endocrine and Reproductive Ch. 40: Immune and Disease

Ch. 35: Nervous System Concept Map NBpg. 88 Top Function is to recognize and coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments.

The Nervous System The human nervous system has two sub-systems: 1.Central Nervous System: The CNS relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. 2. Peripheral Nervous System The PNS is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord all over the body. NBpg. 88 Bottom

Neurons carry messages by the nervous system which are electrical signals called impulses. Sensory neurons: organs  spinal cord and brain. NBpg. 89 Top Motor neurons: brain and spinal cord  muscles and glands. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Synapse At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. NBpg. 89 Bottom

Neurons 1.The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm. 2.Dendrites extend from the cell body and carry impulses from the environment toward the cell body. Cell body Dendrites NBpg. 90

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Neurons 3. The axon is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. The axon ends in axon terminals. Axon terminals Axon NBpg. 90

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Neurons 4. The axon is sometimes surrounded by an insulating membrane called the myelin sheath. 5. There are gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes, where the membrane is exposed. Impulses jump from one node to the next. Myelin sheath Nodes NBpg. 90

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Draw and Label this Neuron: Axon terminals Myelin sheath Cell body Nodes Axon Dendrites Nucleus NBpg. 90 Bottom

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Parts of The Human Brain Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum Spinal cord Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Cerebrum Brain stem Pons Medulla oblongata The Brain gathers information, reacts, sends signals, monitors organs, reviews information, makes decisions by impulses. (TBpg.901) NBpg. 91 Top (1/3)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The largest, most prominent region of the brain is the cerebrum. NBpg. 91 Top (2/3) The cerebrum controls the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body. It is the site of intelligence, learning, and judgment. The cerebrum is divided into hemisphere regions called lobes.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Planning, problem- solving, personality, behavior Sensations and Perception (spatial) Auditory, hearing, speech, and words Visual processing center NBpg. 91 Top (3/3)

The Cerebellum is the second largest region of the brain. Cerebellum It coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles so that the body can move gracefully and efficiently. NBpg. 91 Middle (1/2)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Brain Stem connects the brain and spinal cord Brain stem It has two regions: the pons and the medulla oblongata. Blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing are controlled in the brain stem. NBpg. 91 Middle (2/2)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Thalamus Hypothalamus The Thalamus = sensory receptors The Hypothalamus = regulation of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature. NBpg. 91 Bottom (1/2) Within the Brain

The Spinal Cord The spinal cord is the main communications link between the brain and the rest of the body. NBpg. 91 Bottom (2/2)

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Peripheral Nervous System The Motor Division transmits impulses from the CNS to the muscles or glands. The motor division is divided: The Sensory Division transmits impulses from sense organs to the CNS. Located in the Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth and Skin NBpg. 92 Top

There are five general categories of Sensory Receptors: 1.Pain receptors : Located throughout the body except in the brain. They respond to chemicals released by damaged cells. Pain usually indicates danger, injury, or disease. 2.Thermoreceptors : Located in the skin, body core, and hypothalamus. They detect variations in temperature. 3.Mechanoreceptors : Found in the skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. They are sensitive to touch, pressure, stretching of muscles, sound, and motion. 4.Chemoreceptors : Located in the nose and taste buds, are sensitive to chemicals in the external environment. 5.Photoreceptors : Found in the eyes, are sensitive to light. NBpg. 92 Bottpm

Senses Activity and Notes NBpg. 93 NBpg. 94 Station #1 Notes Station #2 Notes Station #3 Notes Station #4 Notes Station #5 Notes