April 17, 2012 “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.” -Edmund Burke 19 th century English philosopher -Write a free response/reaction -3-5 sentences

World War II

- the causes of World War II - the international decisions the US made prior to entering WWII - the role of the US president in foreign policy. -the reasons the US changed from an isolationist foreign policy to one of international involvement the military role of the US in aiding the Allied effort. the impact of the home front during WWII Learning Targets:

World War II Learning Targets Students will know... - the causes of World War II (e.g., Treaty of Versailles and Great Depression). - how the spread of cultural elements results in distinctive cultural landscapes (e.g., religion and ghettos of Europe WWII). - the international decisions the United States made prior to entering WWII (e.g., destroyers-for-bases, Lend-Lease Act, and relocation of ethnic minorities in Europe). - the role of the United States president in foreign policy. - the reasons the United States changed from an isolationist foreign policy to one of international involvement (e.g. WWII, Bombing of Pearl Harbor, and post-World War II Europe). - the military role of the United States in aiding the Allied effort. - the impact of the home front during WWII (e.g., Rosie the Riveter, U.S.O, rationing, war and bonds).

World War II Origins

WARNING: EPIC FAILS AHEAD Failures to stop aggression lead to war Failures of the League of Nations and international diplomacy Failure to enforce the Treaty of Versailles Failing economics during The Great Depression Failure to stop German re-armament in violation of the Treaty of Versailles

Rise of the Dictators Dictatorship- a system of government in which power is seized and exercised by force Strength of government is kept by using force against its own people. – Ex: murder or imprisonment Usually fueled by strong nationalism – Rallies & Parades – Military Marches Today’s example: North Korea

Soviet Russia Josef Stalin Totalitarianism- a system in which the government controls ALL aspects of society and economy Those who resisted communism were killed or forced into labor camps

Italy Benito Mussolini Fascism- political movement based on EXTREME nationalism – the state comes first and individual liberty is second Mussolini wanted to restore Italy into a second Roman Empire

Japan General Hideki Tojo Militarism grew while civilians were hurting during The Great Depression Japan relied on its military to get natural resources to fuel its industries Wanted to expand its “living space”

Nazi Germany Adolph Hitler Nazism- belief that Germans and other Nordic peoples were physically and morally superior to ALL other races. Used force to maintain power Wanted to expand territory to create “Lebensraum”- living space

Hitler’s New Order Model of Aryan perfection - the new Hitler Youth Aryan - Master Race Others - Undermenschen Swastika - symbol of the Nazis “Struggle for your Fuhrer and the German people”

Hitler Youth All German youth (excluding Jewish children) were required to be in the Hitler Youth program

“Der Fuhrer” We see Hitler as a madman. The Nazis presented him as Germany’s savior Der Fuhrer - the one who would rescue Germany from its troubles and lead it to its glorious future He used democracy to come to power and then destroyed it.

Blaming “The Other” Nazi anti-Semitic propaganda “The Jew... Inciter of war, Prolonger of war” Anti-semitism in history Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Removed Civil Rights for Jews

Kristallnacht - Nov. 9, 1938

The Munich Pact Appeasement- yielding to an enemy’s demands in order to maintain peace Munich Pact- Britain and France allowed Germany to claim the Sudetenland, a German- speaking region Neville Chamberlain, British PM, that this would satisfy Hitler and prevent a war. Discussion Point: Does appeasement work?

US on the sidelines… Isolationism- government policy of not joining economic or political alliances or relations with other countries Neutrality Acts- passed by US Congress designed to keep the US out of foreign conflicts