2014 생화학 실험 (1) 6주차 실험조교 : 류 지 연 Yonsei Proteome Research Center 산학협동관 421호

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Presentation transcript:

2014 생화학 실험 (1) 6주차 실험조교 : 류 지 연 Yonsei Proteome Research Center 산학협동관 421호

What is the Mass Spectrometer? Instrument measuring molecular weight (MW) of sample Only picomolar concentrations is required Accuracy of 0.01% of total weight of sample Able to detect amino acid substitution/post-translational modifications

History of Mass spectrometry 1953 : Quadrupole and the ion trap (W. Paul at H.S. Steinwedel) 1989 : Nobel Prize to Paul 1956 : First GC-MS 1968 : First commercial quadrupole 1975 : First commercial GC-MS 1990s : Explosive growth in biological MS, due to ESI & MALDI 2002 : Nobel Prize to Fenn & Tanaka for ESI & MALDI 2005 : Commercialization of Orbitrap MS

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

1.Inlet 2.Ion Source 3.Mass Analyzer 4.Detector 5.Data System High Vacuum System MALDI ESI FAB LSIMS EI CI HPLC Flow injection Sample plate Time of flight (TOF) Quadrupole Ion Trap Magnetic Sector FTMS Microchannel plate Photomultiplier Electron multiplier Types of Machines / Techniques

“Sample Preparation” Peptide Sample Preparation Excise Wash Extract gel Reconstruction Inlet Digest Dry

Trypsin NK K K K K K R R R R C N C K K K K K K R R R R Protein “Sample Preparation”

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

“1. Inlet : MALDI-TOF matrix”

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

“2. Ion Source : MALDI” (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization)

“2. Ion Source : MALDI” (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization) hn Laser AH kV Sample plate Ionization is triggered by a laser beam. → A matrix is used to protect the biomolecule from being destroyed by direct laser beam and to facilitate vaporization and ionization.

Which ion will strike the detector faster? The ions enter the flight tube with the lighter ions traveling faster than the heavier ions. SO, GREEN ION WILL STRIKE THE DETECTOR FASTER! “2. Ion Source : MALDI” (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization) AH + Laser

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

Linear TOF Linear TOF is used in larger molecules. *we are going to use reflectron TOF. “3. Mass Analyzer : TOF” (Time Of Flight)

“3. Mass Analyzer : TOF” (Time Of Flight) amp comp L+L+ M+M+ H+H+ +20 kV +22 kV 0 kV 1) Ions enter source region, accelerated toward reflectron. 2) Ions separate in space based on their relative mass-to-charge (m/z). 3) Ions reverse path in reflectron. 4) Ions impact detector. Flight time Signal [Molecular weight] Reflectron TOF L+L+ M+M+ H+H+

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

“4. Detection”  정확도 ( Accuracy ) → How accurate is the mass measurement? → MALDI-TOF 에서 측정한 질량값과 실제값의 차이로 ppm 또는 %로 표시  분리능 ( Resolution ) → How well separated are the peaks from each other? → 분자량이 비슷한 화합물들을 분리할 수 있는 정도를 나타냄  민감도 ( Sensitivity ) → How small an amount can be detected / analyzed? → 미량의 시료를 검출할 수 있는 정도를 나타내며 pmol,fmol 로 표시

Mass measurement accuracy depends on resolution Mass measurement accuracy depends on Resolution. High resolution means better mass accuracy Counts Mass (m/z) Resolution = Resolution = 4500 Resolution = ppm error 24 ppm error 55 ppm error “4. Detection”

Relative Abundance Mass (m/z) (M+2H) 2+ (M+3H) 3+ Theoretical MALDI TOF SPECTRUM Of ONE PEPTIDE MH “4. Detection”

No 13 C atoms (all 12 C) One 13 C atom Two 13 C atoms “Monoisotopic mass” Three 13 C atoms We calculate resolution and accuracy with these peaks. Annotations on spectra will be for the monoisotopic peaks only. m/z “4. Detection”

How to calculate mass? m/z of monoisotopic peak = m/z = m/4 = m= x 4= You must subtract mass of H+ (1) [ ] – 4 = Assume these are peaks found at [M+4H] 4+ “4. Detection”

Relative Intensity(%) Theoretical Results Assume this is a result of MALDI-TOF for ONE SINGLE PEPTIDE. Please calculate the mass of this peptide. (M+2H) 2+ MH + (M+3H) 3+ (M+4H) 4+ (M+5H) 5+ “4. Detection”

H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ [M + 5H] 5+ [M + 4H] 4+ [M + 3H] 3+ [M + 2H] 2+ [MH] + M/Z = 10,003 / 3 M/Z = 3334 M/Z = 10,005 / 5 M/Z = 2001 M/Z = 10,004 / 4 M/Z = 2501 M/Z = 10,002 / 2 M/Z = 5001 M/Z = 10,001 / 1 M/Z = 10,001 Relative Intensity(%) (M+2H) 2+ MH + The same protein with a molecular weight of 10,000 contains 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 charges. (M+3H) 3+ (M+4H) 4+ (M+5H) “4. Detection”

How does Mass Spectrometer work?

Trypsin NK K K K K K R R R R C N C K K K K K K R R R R Protein Tryptic peptide mixture. Masses measured by MS. Every peptide has a basic C-terminus. A protein can be identified in a database by matching masses of a subset of the tryptic peptides against calculated values. “5. Database”

intact protein enzyme peptide fragments MEMEKEFEQIDKSGSWAAIYQDIRHEASDFPCRVAKLPKNKNRNRYRDVS PFDHSRIKLHQEDNDYINASLIKMEEAQRSYILTQGPLPNTCGHFWEMVW EQKSRGVVMLNRVMEKGSLKCAQYWPQKEEKEMIFEDTNLKLTLISEDIK SYYTVRQLELENLTTQETREILHFHYTTWPDFGVPESPASFLNFLFKVRE SGSLSPEHGPVVVHCSAGIGRSGTFCLADTCLLLMDKRKDPSSVDIKKVL LEMRKFRMGLIQTADQLRFSYLAVIEGAKFIMGDSSVQDQWKELSHEDLE PPPEHIPPPPRPPKRILEPHNGKCREFFPNHQWVKEETQEDKDCPIKEEK GSPLNAAPYGIESMSQDTEVRSRVVGGSLRGAQAASPAKGEPSLPEKDED HALSYWKPFLVNMCVATVLTAGAYLCYRFLFNSNT “5. Database”

Gel In Gel Digestion Database is identical to In Silico Digestion “5. Database”

 Desalting Methods [준비물] Poros buffer(C18 resin in 70% ACN), Zip tip, 100% ACN, 2% Formic Acid, MATRIX buffer(CHCA 8~10mg in 70% ACN) [순서] 1. zip tip의 끝 0.3~0.5cm 정도를 구부린다. 2. Poros buffer를 1~2ul넣어 실린지로 밀어준다. ( Zip tip 끝에 3~5mm정도 충진되도록) % ACN(10ul)로 C18 resin을 wash 해준다. 4. 2% Formic Acid(20ul)로 C18 resin을 activation 시킨다. 5. Sample(peptide)을 흘려준다. 6. 2% Formic Acid(10ul)로 peptide외의 chemical을 wash 해준다. 7. Plate 위에 Matrix buffer를 loading(1ul)함으로써 Matrix와 peptide를 회수한다.

 MALDI-TOF analysis [순서] 1. Plate를 MALDI 기기 안으로 injection한다. 2. 기기의 laser를 켜고 약 10-30분간 laser를 안정화시킨다. 3. plating한 Standard sample을 큰 오차범위에서 작은 오차범위로 서서히 좁혀가며 찍어본다. (Standard solution: Examples include Angiotensin II, ACTH fragment) - Calibration : 기기의 오차범위를 줄여줌. Resolution / peak intensity 를 확인하며, laser의 강도/mirror의 위치를 조정하여 분석에 최적화시킨다. 4. Standard sample을 분석한 후, 분석하고자 하는 시료를 분석한다. 5. 분석 후 결과 spectrum을 추출 프로그램(Data explorer)을 사용하여, spectrum list를 작성한다. 6. Data search engine (profound ; Mascot; MS-fit)에 입력한다. (이 때 시료에 사용한 효소, 시약으로 인한 modify를 지정하고, 시료의 종(taxonomy) 등을 설정하여 준다.) 7. 분석된 결과를 토대로 유의성 여부를 검토한다.

접속 >> FREE search

2. Peptide Mass Fingerprint > Perform search

3. Search parameter 지정 Fin

4. Result 출력 : 예시 1

TIP  Format : 실험제목, 실험일자, 제출자 및 공동실험자, 목적, 원리, 시약 및 기자재, 실험 방 법, 실험 결과, 고찰, 참고문헌  실험일자에 요일 꼭 써주세요!  방법은 실험교본 그대로 말고, 직접 실험한 방법!  고찰 section에 꼭 필요한 내용 1-1. Mascot Search result 에서 결과값이 cut off를 넘긴 경우 : cut off를 넘긴 protein의 분자 량과 match된 peptide 수에 대해 쓰고, 1순위 protein에 대해 간단하게 조사 1-2. Mascot Search result 에서 결과값이 cut off를 넘지 못 한 경우 : 왜 cut off를 넘기지 못했 는지에 대한 고찰과 1순위 protein에 대한 간단하게 조사 2. DTT 사용하는 이유와 원리 및 DTT를 대체하여 사용 할 수 있는 시약 3. IAA 사용하는 이유와 원리 및 IAA를 대체하여 사용 할 수 있는 시약 (IAA처리할 때 왜 어둡게 하는지도 조사 할 것) 4. Matrix의 역할 및 기능에 대해서 자세하게 조사 5. Mascot Search 시, Fixed Modification에 carbamidomethyl을 설정해주었는데, 그 이유와 carbamidomethylation이 생성되는 원리 조사  DUE DATE : 중간고사 시험 당일 – 시험 시작 전에 제출 할 것!! (시험 시작 후부터는 감점)