15-3 FASCISM RISES IN EUROPE HITLER

FASCISM RISES IN EUROPE Benito Mussolini-ItalyAdolf Hitler- GermanyFrancico Franco- Spain

FASCISM Putting state/country above all else. Emphasized loyalty to the country and obedience to its leader Ruled by a dictator Believed nations must struggle Peaceful nations were doomed to be conquered All types of people joined the party

Fascist leader of Italy Nicknamed “Il Duce” “the leader” Took over in Italy in 1922 Promised to rescue Italy by reviving the economy, & rebuilding its army He ordered attacks against Communists & Socialists Was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel III MUSSOLINI

II DUCE’S LEADERSHIP Outlawed democracy & all political parties except the Fascists Used censorship to control what people heard He put the Fascist doctrine in the papers & on the radio He allied the Fascists with the industrialists & wealthy land owners He never achieved the total control that Stalin & Hitler had

BLACK SHIRTS -supporters of Mussolini -used violence to intimidate people

National Socialist German Worker’s Party Used a swastika as their symbol Brown shirts were the secret police Early goals were to combat communism & overturn the Treaty of Versailles NAZIS

Means “the leader” Nazi party named Hitler this His skills in speaking and organizing led him to the top of the party Tried to seize Munich, failed and was jailed DER FUHRER

Book written by Hitler while in prison Means “My Struggle” Talked of master race (“Aryan”) Lebensraum- living space Needed more Would conquer land to get it MEIN KAMPF

HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR After leaving prison Hitler revived the Nazi Party By 1932, the Nazi Party in the largest party in Germany 1933, President Von Hindenberg named Hitler Chancellor of Germany The conservatives believed they could control Hitler by giving him a political office He called for new elections, then had the Reichstag burned down & blamed the Communist This won support and the election

Schutzstaffel (“protective squad”) Heinrich Himmler Loyal only to Hitler Forced people to do what Hitler wanted Indoctrination  The Hitler Youth  The League of German Girls  Children were encouraged to “spy” on their parents S.S.

Herman Goring Designed to interrogate, detain, arrest, jail & punish “enemies” of the state Helped carry out the “final solution” GESTAPO: SECRET POLICE

HITLER TAKES CONTROL Hitler used secret police to arrest or murder 100s of enemies The brutal force used shocked most Germans into complete obedience to Hitler & the Nazis New laws banned strikes, outlawed unions, & put the government in charge of businesses Millions of Germans went to work building roads, factories, weapons, and served in the new military Unemployment dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million by 1936

HITLER AS SUPREME LEADER Hitler used all forms of communication to shape the new Germany Propaganda pored from everywhere. Movies, posters, artwork, literature Anything that did not conform to the Nazi ideals was banned Churches could not criticize the government School children were forced into the Hitler Youth (for boys) and the League of German Girls Hitler believed continuous struggle brought victory to the strong

“Night of the Broken Glass” 1 st step in punishing Jews Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews) Jews became the scapegoats for the Nazis KRISTALLNACHT Blamed for all the troubles since the war In 1933, Germany passed laws depriving the Jews of most of their rights In 1938, the Nazis began the elimination of Jews from German Nazis destroyed Jews homes, businesses, & temples

OTHER DICTATORS 1919, in Hungary Admiral Mikols Horthy became dictator 1939, In Spain, Francisco Franco started a fascist regime that lasted until , Marshal Jozef Pilsudzki seized power in Poland