: German Afrika Corps (Rommel) had been fighting a 2-front war USA on W. Front France & G.B. on E. Front 5/1943: Axis forces surrender in Tunisia
King of Italy arrested Mussolini & signed surrender w/ Allies But… 1) Mussolini broken out of jail by Germany 2) Germany send troops & equip. into Italy
Italy split in half (S. Italy now Allied side, N. Italy controlled by Mussolini & Germany) Allies invade N. Anzio Suffer heavy losses, but capture Rome in June 1944 Mussolini & mistress shot and killed (April 1945) then hung by Italian people to verbally assault and physically abuse
Called for invasion of N. France (i.e. Normandy) from S. England Largest sea-born invasion in History Occurred on June 6, 1944 (D-Day)
Allies invaded 5 beaches Sword (GB) Juno (Canada) Gold (GB) Omaha (US)* Utah (US)
Allies liberate Paris by 8/1944 Many troops believe that war will be over in a few weeks But…
Germany’s last offensive of the war Attacked Allied front lines w/ best Army + equipment left (e.g. King Tigers) in the middle of a snowstorm Goal: take seaport of Antwerp (cut off Allied supplies)
Germany achieved early success But once snowstorm cleared : Allied aircraft attacked German Army Allies counter-attacked (Patton’s 3 rd Army) Result: w/ last of Germany’s best army destroyed, nothing left to stop Allies
Battle of Kursk (7/1944) Largest tank battle of WWII Result: USSR wins & now continuously attacks German Army as they retreat Reach Berlin (4/1945)
Moved into bunker under Berlin Last statement: “The Jews are the reason Germany has lost the war!” Committed suicide & had body burned Germany surrenders May 7 th, 1945
Explain how the WWII came to an end in Europe by the summer of 1945.
Both viewed as strategically vital by USA- why? had airfields that allowed Allied bombers (B-29) to reach Japanese home islands Control of both would cut off flow of supplies to Japanese & allow Allies place to prepare for invasion of Japan
Both islands captured, but w/ high casualties USA & GB pop. growing tired of war Told to expected 1 million casualties if Japanese home islands invaded
USA had new A-bomb, but only 2 Decided to drop A-bombs to avoid large amt. of casualties Convinced that bombs would “shock” Japan into surrendering
1 st Bomb (“Little Boy”) Dropped on Hiroshima, Japan (8/6/1945) Killed k instantly 2 nd Bomb (“Fat Man”) Dropped on Nagasaki, Japan (8/9/1945) Killed 35-74k instantly
Note: total # killed did not reflect thousands more that died from radiation August 14 th, 1945: Japan’s Emperor (Hirohito) surrenders unconditionally to Allies on USS Missouri