 Federalists v. Democratic Republican Party Federalist Party/ Hamilton Democratic Republican Party/Jefferson and Madison Strong Federal Government Strong State Government Loose InterpretationStrict Interpretation Pro-British/Anti- FrenchPro-French/Anti-British Favored National Bank and protective tariffs Favored State Banks and opposed protective tariffs Rule by the wealthy and educated Rule by the people Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Emphasized Agriculture Larger Plantations, Bankers, Business Owners Poorer hard working immigrants and middle class. Small Farms and shopkeepers. Mainly South

John Adams for President and Thomas Pinckney for Vice President/Federalists party

 Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for Vice President Democratic-Republican party

 Chosen at a caucus or private meeting, held by congressional leaders  When electoral votes were counted, John Adams, Federalist was President with 71 electoral votes and Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican had 68 electoral votes was Vice president.  Opposing parties.

 French unhappy with Jay Treaty with Great Britain  To avoid war Adams sent a 3-person commission to Paris. John Marshall, Charles Pinckney, and Elbridge Gerry  This made matters worse  French agents demanded a bribe of 250,000 and a loan of about 10 million for a treaty

 Americans outraged.  Event became public and known as the XYZ Affair. French agents known only as XYZ  Instead of declaring war, Adams waits and sends new American peace commission.  France and U.S. agree on terms for peace in 1800

 Because of peace with France, Adams looses support of Federalist Party and party splits.  Peace with France is considered his greatest achievement as President.  To stop criticisms the Federalist controlled Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798.

 Federalists controlled Congress passed four laws.  Meant to stop the growth of the Democratic-Republican Party.  Three of the laws are known as the Alien Acts.

 Increased the time required to become a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years.

 Gave the President power to imprison or deport – send out of the country any foreigner.

 Allowed the U.S. government to arrest and deport all aliens who were citizens of foreign nations at war with the U.S.

 Sedition means to act or speak out against the government in a way that causes unrest.  Made it a crime to speak or write critically about the President, members of Congress, the federal government, or federal laws.  Purpose was to silence criticism

 Sedition Act looked like a direct attack on the Bill of Rights  Violated the First Amendment to the Constitution  They wrote 2 statements to challenge the Sedition Act known as the Virginia Kentucky Resolutions

 Republicans expressed opposition through state legislatures  Resolution stated that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional  They felt the states had the right to nullify laws passed by Congress  This means that they would not enforce the laws within their own borders

 Adams a Federalist is not supported for reelection because party split and because of Alien Acts.  Jefferson obvious choice for President for the Democratic-Republican party.  Aaron Burr chosen as the candidate for Vice President for the Democratic-Republican party.  Jefferson mistrusted Burr, but he needed his help to win Northern votes  Election was vicious and hard-fought  When votes tallied, Jefferson and Burr received same number of votes (73)

 The party had meant for Jefferson to be President, but the voting method did not make this clear.  Burr would not step aside, and the battle for the presidency became a personal struggle between Burr and Jefferson  Tie-breaking vote now went to the House of Representatives  Each state had one vote to decide the President  Hamilton a Federalist supports Jefferson and swings votes to Jefferson  Jefferson becomes President

 To avoid another tie, the Twelfth Amendment was passed  Amendment calls for electors to vote on separate ballots to elect the President and the Vice President

 Federalist lost much power  Federalists made the government work  Gave a solid financial base  Won respect from other nations of the world  Pinckney’s Treaty gave free travel along the Mississippi River and right to store goods at the New Orleans port held by Spain.  U.S. had expanded with three new states  Adams wrote out appointments for federal judges before leaving office  Known as “midnight judges” because Adams spent his last night in office appointing judges - John Marshall named as chief justice