Muscular System Characteristics and Treatment of Common Muscle Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders Strain* Strain* Muscle spasm* Muscle spasm* Myalgia* Myalgia* Tendonitis* Tendonitis* Hernia Hernia Flatfeet Flatfeet Tetanus Tetanus Torticollis Torticollis Muscular dystrophy Muscular dystrophy Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis

Strain Overstretching or tear of a muscle Overstretching or tear of a muscle Symptoms: Symptoms: –Soreness, pain, swelling, and tenderness Treatment: Treatment: –R.I.C.E.

Muscle Spasm and Tendonitis Cramp Cramp Sustained contraction of the muscle Sustained contraction of the muscle May occur d/t overuse of the muscle May occur d/t overuse of the muscle What does tendonitis mean? What does tendonitis mean?

Myalgia: __________ Myalgia: __________ –Fibromyalgia Hernia: organ protrudes through a weak muscle Hernia: organ protrudes through a weak muscle –Abdominal, inguinal, hiatal Flatfeet (talipes): _________ Flatfeet (talipes): _________ Tetanus: continuous spasms of the voluntary muscle Tetanus: continuous spasms of the voluntary muscle

Torticollis (wry neck): d/t inflammation of the trapezius and/or sternocleidomastoid muscle Torticollis (wry neck): d/t inflammation of the trapezius and/or sternocleidomastoid muscle Muscular dystrophy: group of diseases in which the muscle cells deteriorate Muscular dystrophy: group of diseases in which the muscle cells deteriorate Myasthenia gravis (grave muscle weakness): connection b/t the nerves and muscles is lost Myasthenia gravis (grave muscle weakness): connection b/t the nerves and muscles is lost

Injuries Tendons are not able to contract and return to their original place which makes them more susceptible to straining and tearing Tendons are not able to contract and return to their original place which makes them more susceptible to straining and tearing Common injuries: Common injuries: –Tennis elbow –Shin splints –Rotator cuff disease

Tennis Elbow (pg 140 figure 7-12) Lateral epicondylitis Lateral epicondylitis Occurs at the bony prominence (lateral epicondyle) on the sides of the elbow Occurs at the bony prominence (lateral epicondyle) on the sides of the elbow The tendon that connects the arm muscle to the elbow becomes inflamed b/c of the repetitive use of the arm and under conditioning The tendon that connects the arm muscle to the elbow becomes inflamed b/c of the repetitive use of the arm and under conditioning Treatment: Treatment: –Relief of pain, ice to reduce swelling, and avoidance of sleeping on the affected arm –Surgery is a last resort

Shin Splints Occur when there is injury to the muscle tendon in front of the shin Occur when there is injury to the muscle tendon in front of the shin Prevention: Prevention: –Choose a running shoe that is comfortable and has proper arch support Treatment: Treatment: –Application of ice packs, rest, and no running for 2-4 weeks

Rotator Cuff Disease Inflammation of a group of tendons that fuse together and surround the shoulder joint Inflammation of a group of tendons that fuse together and surround the shoulder joint Most common complaint is aching in the top and front of the shoulder and pain increases when the arm is lifted overhead Most common complaint is aching in the top and front of the shoulder and pain increases when the arm is lifted overhead Treatment: Treatment: –Rest, physical therapy, and a steroid injection to reduce pain and inflammation –If cuff has been completely torn, arthroscopy surgery may be necessary to repair it