Review……….. Do Now What is the time period for the slave trade? Approximately how many africans were affected? When did the slave trade end? What is an abolitionist? (remember from 8 th grade??)
SLAVE TRADE ENDS MID 1800S……..IMPERIALISM BEGINS
What is Imperialism? A stronger nation or area taking over a weaker nation or area and dominating it –Economically –Socially –Politically REMEMBER ESP
Before 1800s, only the coast of Africa was known by Europeans Why?? Most slave traders never ventured off the coast, used other Africans to travel through interior
Scottish explorer One of the first European explorers to venture to Africa Wrote stories of his adventures and got other Europeans interested Lost contact with outside world for 6 years!! Found by reporter Mr. Stanley: Dr. Livingstone, I presume??
From the 1850s-1880s, Europeans rushed to Africa to each grab a piece of the pie
There are Economic, social, and political causes for imperialism Economic- dealing with money Social- dealing with culture Political- dealing with government or nation
1. The desire of each European nation to become the most dominant nation and have the largest empire Great Britain Belgium France
Need for More Power Naval Bases More land to create an Empire
2. Created demand for more raw materials Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar Cane, etc.
European nations wanted new sources of raw materials and new markets to sell their goods MOTHER COUNTRY GETS RICH OFF COLONY Raw materials= Gold, Rubber, Copper
EUROPEAN BELIEF THAT THEY WERE CULTURALLY AND RACIALLY SUPERIOR TO AFRICANS THE BEST, MOST FIT RACE WILL DOMINATE (THE EUROPEANS)
Desire to convert Africans to Christianity Missionary- person who travels to a new land to spread religion
The White Man’s Burden 1899 Poem written by British imperialist Rudyard Kipling Claimed that it was the duty (job, responsibility) of the Europeans to “civilize” the native people Native people needed European civilization
1885 Berlin, Germany 14 European nations met to divide Africa into colonies No Africans invited to conference…….. Why is this a problem??? Europeans divide tribes into different nations Place rival tribes together This leads to………….. TRIBAL WARFARE
WHO GOT THE MOST COLONIES? WHICH TWO NATIONS REMAINED INDEPENDENT? Liberia Ethiopia
Percentage of Colonization
Colony - Direct rule - Mother country makes all of the decisions for the African territory Indirect Rule -Territory has own government -Policies and economic roles guided by mother country Sphere of Influence -Mother country has no political power -Only economic power -Exclusive trading rights
POSITIVE 1.INFRASTRUCTURE/ INDUSTRIALIZATION - Roads - Railroads -Communication Systems -Hospitals -Schools -Ports -Factories
Schools built Africans educated Literacy rates increase: (number of africans who read and write) But…… Taught western education: Usually In language of mother country Mother country’s history
MODERN MEDICINE, HOSPITALS BROUGHT TO AFRICA 3.
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES SET UP MISSIONS TO HELP AFRICANS MANY AFRICANS CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY
AFRICA AND EUROPEAN NATIONS TRADED GOODS, IDEAS, BELIEFS BETWEEN THEM
1. NATIONAL BOUNDARIES ARBITRARY (RANDOM) LEADS TO TRIBAL CONFLICT AND WARFARE
Loss of self-sufficiency: COLONIES BECAME DEPENDENT ON MOTHER COUNTRY’S GOODS AND SERVICES, CANNOT SUPPORT THEMSELVES ANY LONGER WHEN COLONIES LATER GAIN INDEPENDENCE, THEY HAVE NO Experience GOVERNING THEMSELVES Mercantilism: When a mother country takes raw materials from its colony & sells back finished goods Colony is exploited: taken advantage of
ASSIMILATION: AFRICAN CULTURE REPLACED WITH EUROPEAN CULTURE AND TRADITIONS EUROPEANS FORCED THEIR TRADITIONS, BELIEFS, CULTURE ON AFRICANS
THE MOTHER COUNTRY PROFITTED GREATLY FROM IMPERIALISM AND THE CARVING UP OF AFRICA FOR THE COLONIES IN AFRICA, THERE WERE SOME POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS WHICH DO YOU THINK OUTWEIGHED THE OTHER? WAS IMPERIALISM MORE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FOR AFRICA??