“First and foremost, a film is visual rather than verbal. Thus, the feelings and ideas communicated by words must be changed to feelings and ideas communicated by visual symbols.” -Dr. F. Marcus, How Does a Movie Mean?

 Let the Camera Do the Talking!  Let the camera show the audience what they need to know.  The Movie Must Move!  Two categories of movement ▪ Movement of actors/objects ▪ Movement created by the camera from scene to scene

 Moving Frame/Reframing – close ups vs. long shots – the right frame for the right mood  Tilting – camera moves vertically up or down  Panning  Pan – panoramic – horizontal movement ▪ Used to establish setting

 Dollying or Tracking – Camera is on a dolly, effect is the camera is moving alongside the subject (more action and involvement for the audience)  Zoom (in or out)  Lens allows the camera to move towards/away from an object (JUST THE LENSE MOVES!)  Crane Shot  High Angle shots

 Editing:  the job of assembling all the shots and the scenes of film together to tell a cohesive story.  Transitions:  Cut  Change from one shot to another instantaneously  Dissolve  Gradual change – smoother transition from one shot to another – symbolic or used at the beginning/end of flashbacks  Superimposition is the exposure of more than one image on the same film strip

 Fade Out/In:  Scene ends or begins by underexposure in black or overexposure in white.  Indicates passage of time or change in location  Freeze Frame:  Ending the scene: film stops, creates an image that is frozen in time, held for a few seconds  Jump-Cut:  An abrupt transition: Used to disorient/confuse the viewer

 Swish Pan  Horizontal camera movement that goes at accelerated speeds to create a blurred image (on purpose!)  Wipe  Transition between shots: A line passes across a screen eliminating the first shot: The scenes to NOT blend.  Iris-in/Iris-out  The new image appears as an expanded circle in the middle of the old image.

 FCCA FCCA  Different Types of Film Cuts:  4q2A 4q2A