Science & Technology Investment and its Achievements in Korea September 11, 2008 Yong I. Song, Ph. D Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST)

O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

Innovation 48% Labor 20% Capital 28% Key Elements for Economic Growth(2006)

4,747 (6th) Number of Patents Secured Abroad 179,812 (6th)Researchers (Full Time) 19,394 (14th)Number of SCI Papers $1,625 million/$4,525 millionExport/Import of Technology 2.99 (3th) 25 : 75 $24 billion (7th) R&D Expenditure/GDP (%) Government vs. Private GERD (US$, Million) ( ) : world rank Research & Development Scoreboard Scientific/Technological Competitiveness : 12 th / 6 th (’06 IMD)

China Ireland U.K. KOREA France Singapore Taiwan Germany U.S.A Japan Finland Average of OECD Total researcher per 1,000 total employment (FTE, persons) Ratio expenditure to GDP (%) source) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2005/1 Korea’s Position of R/D Investment

Enterprise $18,106M (75%) Public Institution $2,589M (13%) University $1,922M (10%) Enterprise $14,864M (77%) 51% 34% 15% 97% 2% 7% 7% 86% 1% Overseas $95M (0.7%) Flow of R/D Expenditure Government $6,035M (25%)

Major R/D Statistics *R&D / GNP 24 : 76 23, ,702 (FTE: 179,812) 21 10, ,973 (FTE: 108,370) 70,50318,4345, : 75 13, ,110 4, : : * : * : * 0 - GERD (US$, Million) R&D / GDP (%) Government vs. Private Public Institutions Corporate Institutions Researcher (Persons)

source) MOST, Report on the survey of R&D in S&T, years History of R/D Expenditure Fund Source) - Gov. & Public : 25% - Private sector : 75%

R/D Capacity of Private Sector R/D Centers in companies have increased 120 times in 23 years! 100(1982)  11,810(2005) Major companies rank at high position of R&D investment(2004) - Samsung Electronics: $ 4,637M (4 th ) - Hyundai Motors: $ 1,834M (15 th ) - LG Electronics: $ 1,458M (7 th ) - SK Telecom: $ 259M (9 th ) R&D investment of enterprises increased by 7 times since ~ 2.7 trillion(1982)  ~ 18.6 trillion(2005)

Past Catch-up mode Quantity of resources Manufacturing technologies R&D funding Cultivation of R&D actors Establishment of Institutions Government-led system Unbalance among sectors Centralized system Promotion of S&T Future Knowledge generation Quality of resources Fundamental technologies R&D infrastructure Networking of R&D actors Advance of Institutions Private sector-led system Balance among sectors Decentralized system Beyond S&T

O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

Achievement in Electronics Electronic Switchboard  World 10 th TDX-1 (1982), commercialization(1986 )  TDX-10 development (1991)  ISDN, ATM switchboard (1990’s) 27 Mobile Communication(CDMA)  Joint develeopment w/ Qualcom  CDMA source technology & commercialization  WiBro development (2000’s)

Semiconductor Technology 64K DRAM(‘83) 256K DRAM(‘84)1M DRAM(‘86) 4M DRAM(‘89)16M DRAM(‘91)64M DRAM(‘93) 256M DRAM(‘95) Telecommunication Technology TDX-1 (‘86) TDX-10 (‘91)ISDN service(‘95) CDMA (‘97) Computer & Information Technology Wordprocessor(‘83) 8bit Educ-PC(‘84)16b UNIX Com(‘84) Olympic Sys.(‘88)TICOM-I(‘91)TICOM-III(‘94) 1Giga DRAM IMT2000 Med.-size Comp. BcN, WiBro 28

Atomic Energy  Reactor : 200t plant (‘88)  Heavy water reactor (‘89)  Nuclear reactor “Hanaro” (‘95) 29 Satellite Development  Multi-purpose Satellite “Arirang 1” (‘99)  Surveillance, scientific tests, etc.  1 st astronaut (‘07) Achievement in Atomic Energy & Satellite

Heavy industrial machines LNG ship(‘90’s) WIG(Wing in Ground Craft)(2000’s) 1 st Koran car “Pony” (‘74) High-speed bullet train(2000’s) Magnetic levitation train(2000’s) 30 Achievement in Transportation

O S&T Investment of Korea O The Achievement of S&T in Korea O Concluding Remarks Contents

S&T as a supporting element to economic growth S&T as a key driving force to economic progress and societal development S&T as an instrument (tool) to achieve other social objectives S&T as a social institution in life and social culture Korea should create new source of competitive edge in S&T in order to strengthen and improve the current potential. - fostering creativity, - improving comprehensiveness, - strengthening knowledge infrastructures, etc.

Thank You!