Financial Stability: New Challenges for Central Banks “Kenya’s Experience” Presentation By Central Bank of Kenya Team 9 th May

Layout 1. Structure of Kenya's Financial System 2. Size of Kenya's Financial System 3. Financial Stability Function of the Central Bank of Kenya 4. Financial Stability Institutional Arrangement and Coordination 5. Macro and Micro -prudential Tools and Instruments 6. Challenges 2

3 Parliament Central Bank of Kenya Commercial Banks, Microfinance banks, Mortgage Companies, Foreign Exchange Bureaus, Credit Reference Bureaus, National Payments System Capital Markets Authority Nairobi Securities Exchange, Investment Banks, Brokers, Investment Advisors, Custodians Insurance Regulatory Authority Insurance Companies, Reinsurance Companies, Agents, Brokers, Claims Agents, Medical Insurance Providers, Saccos Societies Regulatory Authority Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (Sacco's) Retirement Benefits Authority NSSF, Pension Funds, Fund Managers, Administrators, Trustees Parent Ministry (National Treasury, Agriculture, and Industrialization DFI’s (AFC, KIE, KPOSB), Commissioner of Co- operatives (Non-Deposit Taking SACCOS’s) KDIC 1. STRUCTURE OF KENYA’S FINANCIAL SYSTEM

2.Size of the Financial System 4 SectorEnd December 2014 Number of Institutions Assets in KSh Mns* Assets as a % of GDP Nominal GDP5,357,672n/a Banks and Mortgage Firms 43 commercial banks; 1 mortgage finance company 3,261, Microfinance Banks9 Microfinance Banks56, Pension Funds plus NSSF 17 fund managers; 29 administrators; 10 custodians 750, Insurance Companies 48 Insurance Companies; 3 Reinsurance Companies 426, Saccos181 Deposit Taking Saccos301, TOTAL ASSETS4,795, Equities Market Cap.2,300, * Convert into USD assuming KSH 90 = 1 USD

3.Financial Stability Function of the Central Bank of Kenya Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) Act provides for the financial stability mandate as follows:-- Fostering the liquidity, solvency and proper functioning of a stable market-based inclusive financial system The functional arrangement at CBK includes: Micro-prudential surveillance of the banking sector and other intermediaries under CBK oversight Oversight of the payments, settlement and clearing system Coordination of financial stability function including macro-prudential surveillance 5

4.Institutional Arrangement and Coordination of Financial Stability Function At the National Level: Bank Supervision Department Policy development and review of legal & regulatory frameworks Licensing of new institutions – banks and representative offices, microfinance banks, CRBs, forex bureaus and money remittances and appraise new products and instruments Prudential supervision (on- & off- site surveillance) of license intermediaries Secretariat to the National Taskforce (NTF) on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism National, regional and international coordination and liaison role on micro-prudential matters Central Bank of Kenya Financial Stability Unit (FSU) with responsibility to: Adopt and implement macro-prudential policy framework Regularly conduct financial stability surveillance, assessment and analysis including developing tools and risk mitigation measures Carry out financial inclusion surveys and analysis using both demand and supply side and financial market conduct practices Coordinate national, regional and international initiatives on financial stability and financial inclusion issues Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC) and CBK – on banking safety nets, and crisis management and resolution Financial Sector Regulators Forum (FSRF) to facilitate information sharing and collaboration in areas of mutual interest Members - CBK, CMA, IRA, RBA and SASRA with the National Treasury, Ministry of Industrialization and Enterprise Development, and KDIC as observer status 6

… Institutional Arrangement and Coordination of financial stability function At the Regional Level: East African Community (EAC) Monetary Affairs Committee (MAC) EAC Central Banks signed MOU in 2008 for information sharing and supervisory cooperation on regional banking groups East African Monetary Union (EAMU) Protocol signed by Partner States in November 2013– among other things provides for promotion of a comprehensive, accurate and systematic assessment of financial stability EAC Monetary Affairs Committee (MAC) has a Banking Supervision and Financial Stability Sub-Committee that deals with banking supervision and financial stability issues. It is supported by three Working Groups – Macro-prudential Statistics (MPS); Macro-prudential Analysis and Stress Testing (MAST) and Crisis Management (CM) to fast-track financial stability issues The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) The Financial Sector Development and Stability Sub-committee of the COMESA Monetary Institute to champion adoption and implementation of financial stability surveillance, assessment and analytical frameworks including risks identification, assessment and mitigation measures Association of African Central Bank’s (AACB) Community of African Banking Supervisors (CABS) with the following working groups; Cross border supervision Crisis Management and Banking Crisis Resolution New Basel Core Principles 7

5.Macro and Micro -Prudential Tools and Instruments Kenya’s banking system is becoming highly integrated in the domestic and global economies: Banks linked to telecoms, etc. (groups and conglomerates) Product innovations and delivery channels e.g. banks partnering with Insurance, Investment banks, agents (third parties to offer basic banking services) Currently there are 11 banks with cross-border operations Level of financial access in Kenya has improved with 75.3% of adult population accessing financial services from formal channels up from 26.7% in This calls for development and enhancement of appropriate prudential tools and instruments CBK is developing a Macro-prudential Policy Framework and fine-tuning the microprudential surveillance tools Focus of Macro-prudential tools and Instruments: Assessing systemic risks (time and cross sectional dimension) and enhancing resilience Facilitate financial stability surveillance and assessment. This requires; o Surveillance database and indicators {Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) and Early Warning Indicators (EWIs)} o Assessment and analytical tools e.g. Stress Testing frameworks, Risk Heat Map, Network Analysis, etc. Current initiatives include;– o Capital Conservation buffers, o Leverage, Loan-to-Value (LTV), o Liquidity tools ( liquidity buffers for risk management ), o Forex exposure limits (10% NOP), limits on credit concentrations (top 50 borrowers), o Stress testing (micro & macro) using Cihak Framework 8

…. Macro-& Micro- Tools and Instruments Micro-prudential surveillance and coordination as evidenced in: MoUs with supervisors of other jurisdictions Joint inspections – for banking groups with regional presence Consolidated supervision – to address inter-and intra-group relationships Supervisory college meetings for banks with regional presence to enhance understanding of their complex structures Mapping of Financial Institutions (FIs) groups and conglomerates and developing analytical and risk assessment (e.g. contagion, network analysis) frameworks – to capture both sectoral and geographical dimensions 9

AML/CFT Initiatives… In 2010, Kenya underwent Mutual Evaluation on AML/CFT issues under the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMALG) The Financial Action Task Force on money laundering (FATF) recommended review of progress made by Kenya in addressing AML/CFT issues identified under ESAAMALG. The Regional Review Group report noted among others, the; Enactment of the AML/CFT Law and regulations Establishment of a Financial Reporting Centre (FRC) for coordination of implementation Political good will to drive the AML/CFT implementation process Kenya was removed from the FATF’s monitoring process under the global AML/CFT compliance process in

6.Challenges Clarity of the financial stability and Macro- prudential Policy Mandate Legal and regulatory regime Institutional governance structures – CBK, National Treasury and other Regulators Institutional coordination and policy framework Enhance regulatory perimeter and reduce/ eliminate regulatory arbitrage Existence of unregulated segments Interconnectedness (groups, conglomerates and cross- border issues) Shadow banking/ parallel banking Enhance FIs Governance and Integrity regimes Public confidence AML/CFT & financial flows Compliance with international standards IFRS Banking, insurance, pensions, capital markets and Financial Markets Infrastructures AML & CFT etc. Data quality/ gaps and surveillance arrangements Improve data coverage, scope, and integrity – reporting form, frequency, Credibility and adequacy of data and data capture systems Data Capture Systems (database) and analytical framework Capacity constraints Staffing with appropriate skills set Capacity building Systems Effective coordination and collaboration at national, regional & international level Information sharing and reporting Financial stability assessment and analysis Safety nets, crisis management and resolutions Communications strategy 11

Thank You 12