Towards Sustainable Development of Food & Agriculture in Asia and the Pacific — Roles and Perspectives of RCA Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Luxiang Liu

 Global Food & Agriculture Situation  Contributions and Roles of RCA  Conclusions and Futures Outline

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Source: FAO 1 billion hungry people worldwide in 2009 Asia and the Pacific leads the biggest estimated regional distribution of hunger in 2009 (in mil.) Global Food & Agriculture Situation Fighting Poverty and Hungry

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 FAO - September 2012 Changing Price of Food Price volatility makes both smallholder farmers and poor consumers increasingly vulnerable to poverty.

Proportion of sudden natural disasters increasing Proportion of human induced socio-economic disasters are increasing while war and conflict is decreasing Changing Face of Disasters

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Global food production will have to increase by 70 % to feed a population of 9.1 billion. Boosting Agriculture Improving Basic Health Investing In Education Bringing Power Providing Clean Water & Sanitation Big Five Developments ——Jeffrey D. Sachs, 6 March 2005

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 The Challenges in the Regional Agric Abiotic stress Drought, salinity floods… Unpredictable effects of global warming Biotic stress Disease, pests… Threats  Yield limit  Quality drop  Loss of farmers income and their existence…

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Nuclear Techniques for Agriculture Contributions and Roles of RCA  Plant Mutation Breeding: New mutant germplasm and crop variety for high yield and quality  Animal Health &Production: Improving livestock productivity while conserving environment  Food Irradiation: Food protection and sanitation quality  Soils and Land Use: Preventing soil erosion caused land degradation,soil nutrients and water quality

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 AreaNo. of Projects Inputs from IAEA/RCA Food Irradiation 7 Trained scientists ＞ 780 WS/MT participants ＞ 640 EM/SV/FS ＞ 110 Plant Mutation Breeding 5 Animal Health &Production 3 Soils and Land Use 2 Inputs of Training and Assistance to the RCA MSs in the Agriculture Sector ( )

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Success Story in Plant Mutation Breeding Roles of RCA RAS/5/021- Increasing the Capabilities of Common Grain Leagumes ( ) RAS/5/037- Mutational Enhancement for Genetic Diversity in Rice ( ) RAS/5/040-Enhancement of Genetic Diversity in Food, Pulses, and Oil Crops and Establishment of Mutant Germplasm Network ( ) RAS/5/045-Improvement of Crop Quality and Stress Tolerance for Sustainable Crop Production Using Mutation Techniques and Biotechnology ( ) RAS/5/056-Supporting Mutation Breeding Approaches to Develop New Crop Varieties Adaptable to Climate Change ( )

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 RCA Projects of Mutation Breeding Mutant Germplasm Network The Association…… The Trained Personnel The Mutant Materials The Impacts of RCA Projects The Mutant Varieties

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 A Functional Regional Network for Mutant Germplasm Exchange and … ADB1  135 mutant varieties/lines of rice, wheat, soybean, mungbean, groundnut and sesame exchanged, and evaluated in more than 80 locations among the 14 participating countries.  Identified mutants for indirect use of new variety development.  At least 15 non-native mutant varieties identified for further yield trial for commercial release.  An Asian Association of Mutagenesis in Crop Plants (AAMCP).

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Soybean Mutants adapt to THA Soybean mutant variety DT84 from Vietnam and Bangsakong from Korea consistently outperformed local check varieties, proposed to officially release in rice based cropping systems in the upper northern part and lower northern part of Thailand.

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 BGD Groundnut for INS and SRL

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 PAK Mungbean Mutant for SRL and VIE High yield Early maturity drought tolerance NM 92

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 The Up-grade Human Resources  239 young researchers trained through 17 RTCs  150 senior scientists through WS/ MT: Exchanging experience and sharing insights into how to improve plant breeding techniques.

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 The New Mutant Materials Mutant resistant to soybean crinkle leaf disease in THA Rice mutant MR219-4 with drought tolerance in MAL. Drought tolerant sorghum mutant in INS Salt tolerant wheat in PAK  Hundreds of new mutants developed…… Pre-harvest sprouting resistant mungbean in IND

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 The New Mutant Varieties  70 more new mutant varieties developed and disseminated…  50 more new advanced mutant lines evaluated under official release.  The dissemination areas of officially released mutant verities under the RCA Project RAS5045 were about 118Mha, with a benefit increase of about 227 millions USD for farmers in the participating MSs.

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Early and high yielding Binadhan 7 Binadhan-8 Salinity tolerance mutant variety Salt tolerant and high yield rice mutant varieties in BGD

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Drought tolerant and high yield wheat mutant varieties in CPR Longfumai 19 Luyuan 502 Drought tolerant and fine qualityHigh yield and wide adaptability

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 TG series groundnut mutant varieties in IND

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012  Resistant to Bacterial wilt  Long shelf life: days  Suitable for super markets, Airlines, shipping lines, tourist hotels  Fetches higher price than the normal tomato varieties (Normal tomato Rs.50.00/kg, cherry tomato Rs /kg) A new tomato mutant variety in SRL Lanka Cherry

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 One dollar input, 800 dollar benefit Salt tolerant rice mutant variety VND of export quality More than 2 million ha; 300 mil USD income added 2009 input-output ratio has reached 1:800 Great Socio-Economic Impact of Mutant Derived Varieties in VIE

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Asia & the Pacific 60.8% Europe 29.1% North American 6.5% Africa 2.0% Latin American 1.6% 1877 The Lead Impact… in The RCA Member States

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 MUTANT VARIETIES Cereals 45% Flowers 18% Legumes 8% Oil crops 7% Others 22% Total Number : 3212 Plant Species : 170 (Nov 2011) Sources: FAO/IAEA Mutant Varieties Database

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Crop Improvement by Mutation Techniques Nuclear irradiation can enhance biodiversity, improve crop cultivars and increase farmer’s income. Routine utilization of induced mutation techniques for crop improvement have made great achievements especially through RCA. Induced mutants are not GMOs, as the mutant genes have been changed from their own exist genes. Conclusions…

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012 Spontaneous mutation →Molecular mutagenesis Towards A New Green Revolution From A New Mutant Gene? Wheat ： Rht1, Rht2 Rice ： sd-1 Nature, 1999, 400: Utilization of Semi dwarf genes

Panel Discussion on the Regional Cooperation, Vienna, 18 September 2012