 Unit 7: Growth, Development, & Reproduction Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, and Genetics

Bell Ringer 02/08/2016  Essential Question: How can I analyze my Unit 7 Pre – test for my strengths and weaknesses?  Objectives: I can…  analyze my Unit 7 Pre – test for my strengths and weaknesses  Describe the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes  Bellringer: get a new bellringer sheet out of the purple container. Write week 23 on the top of the sheet. Copy and answer the following question in red on your sheet.  How do you think you did on your Unit 6 Extended Response Question?

Agenda 1. Bellringer 2. Unit 6: ERQ results 3. Unit 7: Pre – test results and student reflection 4. Begin creating foldable for Gene structure notes

Unit 7 Pre-Test Scores LT1LT3LT4LT5LT7LT8LT9LT10 #1-2#3-10#11-14#15-19#20-21#22-23#24-25# = 5 pts 1 = 3 pts 0 = 1 pt 7 = 5 pts = = = 2 0 =1 4 = 5 pts 3 = 4 pts 2 = 3 pts 1 =2 pts 0 = 1 pt 4 = 5 pts 3 = 4 pts 2 = 3 pts 1 = 2 pts 0 = 1 pt 2 = 5 pts 1 = 3 pts 0 = 1 pt 2 = 5 pts 1 = 3 pts 0 = 1 pt 2 = 5 pts 1 = 3 pts 0 = 1 pt 4 = 5 pts 3 = 4 pts 2 = 3 pts 1 =2 pts 0 = 1 pt

02/09/26  Snow Day

Bell Ringer 02/10/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe where genes are located in a cell.  Explain the structure and function of a gene.  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet:  Where are our genes located?

1. Go over bellringer 2. Watch video – Clearly Stated: What is a Gene? 3. Discussion Questions 4. Foldable notes on Structure and function of genes Agenda

 Watch the video and write down as much information that you can about what a gene is composed of and its function.  You may bullet your responses as you watch.  What is a Gene? - Stated Clearly What is a Gene? - Stated Clearly Your Task

So…What do you think is happening in the video? 1. How would you describe the structure of a gene? 2. What do you think those little clumps were at the end of the video?

Chromosomes Nucleus Gene Cell Protein The structure of DNA, genes & chromosomes

1 st Flap: Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of DNA. Each contains genes in a linear order. Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs – one of each pair inherited from each parent

2 nd Flap: Chromatid Pair  Chromatid Pair – When chromosomes from your mom and dad join, the pair resembles an “X”.  Upon closer examination, chromosomes are made of fine thread – like substance called DNA.  It is wound very tightly. Chromatid Pair Centromere Chromatid

3 rd Flap: DNA  DNA resembles a twisted ladder.  The twisted ladder shape is called a double helix

The DNA Double Helix

Proteins Genes are codes for cells to make proteins. Proteins build things, like eye pigments, freckles, or mood altering hormones. Proteins are like the recipe for the body’s characteristics.

4 th Flap: Base Pairs  The “rungs” of DNA are made of bases.  There are 4 bases:  A – Adenine  T – Thymine  C – Cytosine  G – Guanine.  A’s only pair up with T’s  C’s only pair up with G’s

DNA Base Pairs

Chromosomes Nucleus Gene Cell Protein

Bell Ringer 02/11/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe where genes are located in a cell.  Explain the structure and function of a gene.  Describe the structure of DNA  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet:  How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer 2. Complete foldable notes on Structure and function of genes 3. Begin DNA – Double Helix worksheet

DNABase Pairs

 DNA:  DNA resembles a twisted ladder  This twisted ladder shape is called a double helix

 Base Pairs:  The “rungs” of the DNA are made of nitrogenous bases  There are 4 bases:  A, T, G, C  A=Adenine, T=Thymine, G=Guanine C=Cytosine  A only matches T  C only matches G  A gene is a section of base pairs

Snow Days  Friday, February 12, 2016  Monday, February 15, 2016

Bell Ringer 02/16/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the structure of DNA  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet:  Where is DNA located in a cell? (hint – look at your gene structure foldable)

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer 2. DNA – Double Helix worksheet 3. Begin homework

Your Task  Color the DNA and RNA strand according to the directions.  Answer the questions based on the reading  If you do not finish, it is for homework!

Your Task  Color the DNA and RNA strand according to the directions.  Answer the questions based on the reading  Finished? 1. Read pages 42 – Complete section review questions on page 45.  Write out entire question and answer in complete sentences.

Bell Ringer 02/17/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the structure of DNA  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: 1. What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA? 2. Which base pairs bond together?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer 2. Check homework - DNA – Double Helix worksheet 3. Go over worksheet 4. Bill Nye - Genes

Bell Ringer 02/18/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the structure of DNA  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: 1. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made up of? (hint there are two chemicals)

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer Check homework - DNA – Double Helix worksheet (5 th Period only) 2. Finish Bill Nye Video 3. Go over video worksheet 4. Begin DNA model

Bell Ringer 02/22/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the structure of DNA  Describe the process of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)  Bell Ringer - Get a new bellringer sheet from the purple box on the demo counter. Write week 25. Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: 1. If a nerve cell of a fly has 28 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would a fly egg cell contain?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer Collect bellringers – 2 nd period only 2. Begin DNA model 3. Complete questions 4. Begin multiplicity activity

DNA Model  Materials: 2 - black pipe cleaners 12 - white beads 3 - red pipe cleaners 3 - green pipe cleaners 3 - yellow pipe cleaners 3 - blue pipe cleaners 1 - index card 1 - paper clip

DNA Model  On your index card indicate the following:  Phosphates  Deoxyribose  Adenine  Guanine  Cytosine  Thymine ON THE BACKSIDE WRITE BOTH OF YOUR NAMES!!!!

Follow Up Questions 1. Identify the chemicals that make up the sides of the DNA double helix. 2. Identify the nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of the DNA double helix. 3. What is a nucleotide? 4. How does DNA code for a protein?

Bell Ringer 02/23/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the structure of DNA  Describe the process of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: Copy the diagram of the cell below. Label the cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nuclear membrane

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer Create DNA model and complete follow up questions – 2 nd period only 2. Begin multiplicity activity

Multiplicity: Modeling the Cell Cycle  Read through introduction  Part I: Thinking Analogously 1. Remove “the toys” from the bag and spread them out on the paper towel. 2. Generate a method of separating the “toys” in an orderly fashion 3. Record your procedure on you student answer page. Make sure to number your steps!

Multiplicity: Modeling the Cell Cycle  Part II: Anticipating Mitosis 1. What events have to occur for the daughter cells to have the same number chromosomes as the mother cell? 2. Develop a “schedule of events” or procedure for cell division and record your steps. 3. Use the words cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nuclear membrane in your steps Make sure to number your steps  Think about the structure of the cell. Are there certain structures that are in the way or must change for cell division to occur?

Bell Ringer 02/24/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the process of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer Student Voice Survey – 2 nd period only Begin Multiplicity – 2 nd period only 2. Part II and III of Multiplicity activity

Multiplicity: Modeling the Cell Cycle  Part III: Modeling The Cell Cycle  Follow Ms. Braman’s model of the cell cycle using paper chromosomes and string (in the envelopes).  Each envelope should contain:  2 yellow centrioles  2 pink chromosomes  2 blue chromosomes  2 orange chromosomes  2 purple chromosomes  2 strings

Multiplicity: Modeling the Cell Cycle  On your student answer page record:  TABLE 1:  An illustration and description of each of the important structures of the cell division  TABLE 2:  An illustration and summary of each of the stages of the cell cycle.

Table 1: Important Structures of the Cell  Chromatin – The uncoiled DNA in the nucleus.

Table 1: Important Structures of the Cell  Chromosome – The long, stringy, unwound chromatin coil and condense (shrink up) into thick threads of visible genetic material

Table 1: Important Structures of the Cell  Sister Chromatid – Chromosomes have already been copied, forming sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are connected to each other at the centromere

Table 1: Important Structures of the Cell  Centromere – The attachment point for the spindle fibers to the chromosome

Table 1: Important Structures of the Cell  Centriole – Helps create and organize the mitotic spindle fibers

Bell Ringer 02/25/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the process of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: 1.What stage of the cell cycle is the longest? 1.What stage of the cell cycle is the shortest?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer 2 nd period only – Complete table 1 2. Complete table 2 of Multiplicity activity. 3. Analysis and Conclusion Questions 4. Mitosis Summary

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  End of Interphase The cell making proteins during this time.  The chromatin is still uncoiled in the nucleus. Centrioles Chromatin Nuclear Membrane

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  Prophase – The long stringy chromatin starts to coil and condense into thick threads called chromosomes.  The nucleus starts to disappear. Chromosomes Spindle Fibers Centrioles

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  Metaphase – The centromeres of the sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell. Sister Chromatids Centromeres

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  Anaphase – The centromere of each chromosome divides, separating the sister chromatids from each other. The chromatids of each pair will be moved by the spindle fiber towards opposites poles of the cell.  The separated chromatids are called chromosomes. Chromosomes

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  Telophase – The final phase of mitosis occurs as new nuclear membranes are formed around both groups of chromosomes.  The result is two separate nuclei, each containing the same amount of chromosomes as the original cell. Nuclear Membranes

Table 2: Stages of Cell Division  Cytokinesis – The last stage of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides in animal cells.  The start of cytokinesis starts with a cleavage furrow.  The cell membrane is drawn inward until the cytoplasm is split into two separate parts, forming two distinct cells.

Your Task 1. Answer Analysis Questions on page 6 of your packet in complete sentences (for 1 and 2). 2. Answer Conclusion Question 2 on page 7 3. Summarize the parts of the cell cycle in your own words on the very back page.  Be sure to use all of the terms located in Table 1 of your multiplicity packet. 4. Finished? 1. Read three science world magazine articles and summarize each article on a piece of notebook paper.

Bell Ringer 02/26/2016  Essential Question – What are the mechanisms of reproduction and heredity and how do they function to ensure continuity of life?  Objective – I can…  Describe the process of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)  Bell Ringer - Copy and answer the following question (in red) on your bell ringer sheet: 1. What are the four stages of mitosis in order?

Agenda 1. Go over bellringer 2 nd period only – Complete table 2 2. Complete Multiplicity analysis and conclusion questions.

2 nd Period Task 1. Complete Table 2 2. Complete Analysis Questions 1 – 3  Hint – for question 3 look at the number of chromosomes in table Complete Conclusion questions on pages 7 – 9.

Your Task for Today 1. Answer Analysis Questions 3 - on page 6 of your packet in complete sentences. 2. Answer Conclusion Question 3 – 6 on pages If you didn’t complete this yesterday – Summarize the parts of the cell cycle in your own words on the very back page. Be sure to use all of the terms located in Table 1 of your multiplicity packet. 4. Finished? 1. Read three science world magazine articles and summarize each article on a piece of notebook paper.

Question 3 – Conclusion Questions Interphase 78% Telophase 2% Anaphase 1% Metaphase 5% Prophase 14%