Imperialistic America Part I: The American Empire Part II: Relations with Asia Part III: The US & Latin America

Part I: The American Empire

Even though many Americans approved of the new, imperialistic US, others opposed ruling the new territories: Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines immoral to rule people who want independence immoral to rule people who want independence American civilization was very different than their civilizations (customs, language, etc.) American civilization was very different than their civilizations (customs, language, etc.) acquired territory would cost money acquired territory would cost money

Uprising in the Philippines Filipinos opposed becoming part of the US empire and fought the US for 3 years with Aguinaldo as their leader Filipinos opposed becoming part of the US empire and fought the US for 3 years with Aguinaldo as their leader the US set up reconcentration camps for guerillas while also reforming education, transportation, and health care for civilians the US set up reconcentration camps for guerillas while also reforming education, transportation, and health care for civilians bitterness existed and lasted 35 years as the Filipinos repeatedly asked for their independence bitterness existed and lasted 35 years as the Filipinos repeatedly asked for their independence

Emilio Aguinaldo led the Filipinos in their fight for independence from the US. He was captured in 1901 and the revolt was stopped in The fighting cost the US $400 million

American soldiers sent to put down the Filipino uprising (Philippine-American War )

Americans bury their lost soldiers on Decoration Day (Memorial Day)

American soldiers executing (hanging) Filipino revolutionaries and carting away the dead Filipinos

Philippines flag (1 st used as a war flag) This flag was designed by the Filipinos in 1897 who were hoping to be independent

1934: US agreed to a 10 year period of supervision leading up to independence 1934: US agreed to a 10 year period of supervision leading up to independence July 4, 1946: Philippines granted independence; Republic of Philippines established July 4, 1946: Philippines granted independence; Republic of Philippines established

Cuban Involvement After the SA War, the US set up a temporary military gov’t After the SA War, the US set up a temporary military gov’t Cuba wrote their constitution; the US made them add the Platt Amendment Cuba wrote their constitution; the US made them add the Platt Amendment

Platt Amendment: (1)the US had the right to interfere in Cuba if necessary (2) forced Cuba to lease harbors to the US (3) stated Cuba could not go into debt (4) limited Cuba’s right to make treaties Platt Amendment: (1)the US had the right to interfere in Cuba if necessary (2) forced Cuba to lease harbors to the US (3) stated Cuba could not go into debt (4) limited Cuba’s right to make treaties Although they opposed the US intervention, Cubans had no choice but to accept US terms Although they opposed the US intervention, Cubans had no choice but to accept US terms

Puerto Rico Foraker Act (1900): Puerto Rico was an unincorporated territory of the US; not citizens and had no constitutional rights, but US could pass laws for the island Foraker Act (1900): Puerto Rico was an unincorporated territory of the US; not citizens and had no constitutional rights, but US could pass laws for the island Jones Act (1917): established Puerto Ricans as US citizens; allowed them to pick their own leaders Jones Act (1917): established Puerto Ricans as US citizens; allowed them to pick their own leaders

1947: Puerto Rico allowed to pick governor; contemplated statehood 1947: Puerto Rico allowed to pick governor; contemplated statehood 1952: Puerto Rico became a self- governing commonwealth under US protection 1952: Puerto Rico became a self- governing commonwealth under US protection

Part II: Relations with Asia

America’s interests in Asia were commerce, not conquest China sphere of influence (lease): area in which a foreign country controlled economic matters sphere of influence (lease): area in which a foreign country controlled economic matters Open Door Policy: lacking a lease/sphere in China, the US sent notice that China should be open to all (Hay’s Open Door Notes) Open Door Policy: lacking a lease/sphere in China, the US sent notice that China should be open to all (Hay’s Open Door Notes)

Chinese patriots (Boxers) secretly worked to get foreigners out of China Chinese patriots (Boxers) secretly worked to get foreigners out of China Boxer Rebellion (1900): Boxers attacked foreign embassies in Beijing killing and imprisoning foreigners; put down by an international force Boxer Rebellion (1900): Boxers attacked foreign embassies in Beijing killing and imprisoning foreigners; put down by an international force China paid reparations instead of being divided up (colonies); Hay’s 2 nd Open Door Notes China paid reparations instead of being divided up (colonies); Hay’s 2 nd Open Door Notes

European and US forces in China

Japan America’s anti-Asian and Japan’s anti-American sentiments began to hurt the trade relationship with Japan America’s anti-Asian and Japan’s anti-American sentiments began to hurt the trade relationship with Japan Japan had grown stronger (technology, industry, military) since Perry’s visit Japan had grown stronger (technology, industry, military) since Perry’s visit US feared that Japan would push them out of Asia US feared that Japan would push them out of Asia

Russo-Japanese War (1904): Russia and Japan fought over Manchuria; POTUS Roosevelt mediated a peace treaty Russo-Japanese War (1904): Russia and Japan fought over Manchuria; POTUS Roosevelt mediated a peace treaty following the war, the US and Japan competed for influence in Asia following the war, the US and Japan competed for influence in Asia Great White Fleet: 1907 naval trip around the world (stopped in Japan to show off US military superiority) Great White Fleet: 1907 naval trip around the world (stopped in Japan to show off US military superiority)

Japan attacked Russia and continued to defeat them even though Russia was considered more powerful; Russia would not give up, and Japan was running out of money for the war effort when Roosevelt mediated

The Great White Fleet

Part III: US & Latin America Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy: display US power to the world and countries would be too intimidated to fight Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy: display US power to the world and countries would be too intimidated to fight US desired a Central American canal to save time and money for commercial and naval shipping US desired a Central American canal to save time and money for commercial and naval shipping

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: GB and US reversed a previous agreement that shared canal rights; US pursued a solo project Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: GB and US reversed a previous agreement that shared canal rights; US pursued a solo project an abandoned French effort in Panama (then controlled by Colombia) seemed like a better option than Nicaragua for a canal site an abandoned French effort in Panama (then controlled by Colombia) seemed like a better option than Nicaragua for a canal site the French encouraged and the US supported (with navy) a Panamanian revolt; successful Panama agreed to canal terms the French encouraged and the US supported (with navy) a Panamanian revolt; successful Panama agreed to canal terms

Roosevelt Corollary: an addition to the Monroe Doctrine (Europe told to stay out of the Western Hemisphere) that stated the US would intervene in LA whenever necessary to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary: an addition to the Monroe Doctrine (Europe told to stay out of the Western Hemisphere) that stated the US would intervene in LA whenever necessary to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy: US businesses should invest in LA to increase US profits and raise the standard of living in LA Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy: US businesses should invest in LA to increase US profits and raise the standard of living in LA