A Wonderful light – Laser By –manish,thrinadh,avinash Group no 42 section 5

Applications of laser Laser find its use in many number of fields  medical  Military  Communication  Scientific research  Manufacturing  Industrial and commercial  In bar code  Architecture  education

Project Biolite  After an excursus on state-of-the-art knowledge for low-level laser therapy (LLLT), Biolite, a patented ultra-low-level laser therapy device used to treat musculoskeletal pain and associated impairments, is presented.  Emits a red laser wave of wave length 635nm power=2mw

What is low level laser therapy?  Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) is a form of laser medicine that uses low-level (low-power,in order of.3 joules per square cm) lasers or light-emitting diodes to alter cellular function.  Lllt was initially used to treat arthritis,tendinopathy,joint disorders.  Has found use in treating neck,lower back pain wound healing, hair loss

How does it work?  The development of the technique, the studies performed, and the evidence collected over > 10 years suggest that specifically modulated laser light can interact with human tissues at light fluencies well under those previously considered as being capable of having any effect.  Stimulation observed is fmore effective than traditional laser acupucture   it uses modulated laser light to create acupuncture like stimulation, thus reducing motor control interferences from stimuli and reducing the pain.  Besides its use as treatment for musculoskeletal pains,it can also be used as a differential diagnostic tool

HOW to apply biolite?  Applying biolite is very easy, provided the therapist can detect the application points from among a selection of 15 acupoints known to promote systemic balancing and locate the meridians conveying the energy flow across the affected areas  Laser acupuncture uses 1j energy  Bio lite uses less than.3j  It stimulates a photon cascade on the extracellular soft-tissue matrix (ECM) that follows the mesh of meridians along the patient's body

Limitations  Biolite is not the solution whenever musculoskeletal dysfunctions arise from structural and functional modifications that will need a specific rehabilitative approach.

 Thus we can say that biolite is an effective tool to treat musculoskeletal pain and its efficiency in maximizing the benefit is yet to be fully realized

LASERS IN COMMUNICATION

We use lasers in many was In Medicine In industries for cutting and welding purpose In military In communication In technology (robotics) In spectroscopy

Laser In communication optical fibre

Laser communication  Laser communications systems are wireless connections through the atmosphere. They work similarly to optic links, except the beam is transmitted through free space. While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-sight conditions, they have the benefit of eliminating the need for broadcast rights and buried cables. The advantages of optical communications are.  -The high frequency of the optical carrier it could go to 300,00 GHZ, that permits transmitted much of information over a single channel than is possible with conventional radio or microwave system.  - Short wavelength permits the realization of very small compact components.  -Low power and don't require any radio interference studies. The carrier used for the transmission signal is typically generated by a laser diode.

Optical fibre  Optical fibre communications are being used in industrial applications such as process control in nuclear petrochemical and for numerical control in large data systems in air ways, shipping railways and in transportation  Particularly we use laser optical fibre for communication because 1.they can send internal links that require very high data rates of the order of giga bytes per second 2.since we are using lasers they have the speed of light so they can send data to very long distances because their transmission cannot be interrupted by electromagnetic waves 3.They can send data faster even during different climatic conditions

 Laser communication system is another mode of telecommunication which occurs through wireless connections in the atmosphere  Bandwidth for Laser Communications is 100 times greater than for RF so there is a much wider range of frequencies to choose from without getting noise from other nearby stations  Since Laser Communication is directed at a target, there is much less transmission power required. There is also less power loss than with Radio Frequency Communication.

Laser diode

 Now a days lasers are a major part of space research. There is a hardware hat is made up of avionic boxes which transmits the data up to optical telescopes that are going to be located on satellites these optical telescope can receive and transmit the data not only to the ground stations but also to the other satellites revolving around the earth so that the transmission of data goes effectively  Space research centre NASA is using lasers for spacereasearch because of the high frequency, speed and even these waves cannot be interrupted by any of the electromagnetic radiation Space communication

 Two-way laser communication in space has long been a goal for NASA because it would enable data transmission rates that are 10 to 1,000 times higher than traditional radio waves. While lasers and radio transmissions both travel at light-speed, lasers can pack more data. It's similar to moving from a dial-up Internet connection to broadband.  If the technical hurdles can be overcome, lasers would benefit not only communications, but basic science as well. Astronomers could use lasers like very accurate rulers to measure the movement of planets with unprecedented precision.

 Introduction In military laser is mainly used in weapons to target enemies The laser in most firearms applications been used as a tool to enhance the targeting of other weapon systems. Laser sight is a small, usually visible-light laser placed on a handgun or a rifle. It appears as a small spot even at long distances. Most laser sights use a red laser diode.

Laser Designator  Laser target designator is a low-power laser pointer used to indicate a target for a precision-guided munition.  When a target is marked by a designator, the beam is invisible and does not shine continuously. Instead, a series of coded pulses of laser-light are fired.  These signals bounce off the target into the sky, where they are detected by the seeker on the laser guided munition, which steers itself towards the centre of the reflected signal.  Laser designators may be mounted on aircraft, ground vehicles, or handheld.

Boeing YAL-1

BOEING YAL-1  The Boeing YAL-1 weapons system is a megawatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) mounted inside a modified Boeing F.  Besides the COIL, the system also includes two kilowatt-class Target Illuminator Lasers for target tracking.  When fired, the laser produces enough energy in a five-second burst to power a typical American household for more than an hour.  Can destroy targets up to 600 km away.  Ground targets such as armored vehicles are not fragile enough to be damaged by a megawatt-class laser

TACTICAL HIGH ENERGY LASER o The Tactical High-Energy Laser, or THEL, is a laser developed for military use, also known as the Nautilus laser system. o THEL uses both Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrogen Trifluoride. Nitrogen Triflouride (NF3) NF3 is used as a fluorine source in highenergy chemical lasers. o In 2000 and 2001 THEL shot down 28 Katyusha artillery rockets and 5 artillery shells. o 2004 the system successfully shot down multiple mortar rounds.

TACTICAL HIGH ENERGY LASER

ADVANCED TACTICAL LASER  The Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) program is a US military program to mount a high energy laser weapon on an aircraft.  Used against ground targets in urban or other areas where minimizing collateral damage is important.  The laser will be a 100 kilowatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser.  On June 18, 2009 it was announced that the ATL was successfully fired in flight for the first time.  Aug. 30, 2009 Boeing and the U.S. Air Force "defeated" a ground target from the air.

ADVANCED TACTICAL LASER

SOME OTHER PROJECTS  On July 2010 an anti-aircraft laser described as the Laser Close-In Weapon System was unveiled at the Farnborough Airshow.  The Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRACL) is an experimental U.S. Navy deuterium fluoride laser.  In 2011, the U.S. Navy began to test the Maritime Laser Demonstrator (MLD), a laser for use aboard its warships.  Personnel Halting and Stimulation Response, or PHaSR, is a nonlethal hand- held weapon. Its purpose is to "dazzle" or stun a target.

SUMMARY  With advances in technology it is apparent that use of the laser as a tactical weapon is far from science fiction.  There are problems, however, due to size and weight that must be overcome.  Laser applications will continue to be added to the battlefield as technical problems are overcome.  Lasers of different wavelengths can cause damage ranging from flashblinding to complete permanent blindness.

SUMMARY  The use of lasers as disintegration weapons of destruction is not in the near future. Size, weight, and power requirements are significant problems that need to be overcome.  As we move into the next decade, we are again on the verge of fielding additional "higher technology" weapons. The next generation of tactical battlefield weapons will include directed energy or laser weapons against men, electro-optical sensors, and other light-sensitive targets.

conclusion  The following fields in which laser technology can be applied  Laser cooling  Laser fusion  Wound healing  Slowing of light for research purposes  Laser cutting

Laser fusion  laser light is focused to heat and compress the target(mixture of deuterium and tritium)and provide sufficient heat energy to initiate the nuclear fusion reaction.