Emergency Management: The American Experience, 1900-2005 _____________________ Claire B. Rubin & Associates, Arlington, VA www.clairerubin.com.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Security Alerts and Why We in Agriculture Should Care Julie Smith NACAA 2007 Grand Rapids, Michigan July, 2007.
Advertisements

Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives.
Department of Homeland Security Site Assistance Visit (SAV)
DEFENSE SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES (DSCA)
Lessons from Katrina for Metropolitan Regions Louise K. Comfort Graduate School of Public & International Affairs University of Pittsburgh
A Brief Overview of Emergency Management Office of Emergency Management April 2006 Prepared By: The Spartanburg County Office of Emergency Management.
Emergency Management Overview Kelly Rouba EAD & Associates, LLC April 22, Annual Conference of AT Act Programs.
Preservation and Disaster Management. Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA’s mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that.
Federal Requirements for Hazards Risk Analysis
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Part I The Nature and Setting of Police Administration Chapter 3 Police Administration and Homeland Security.
Spring 2008 Campus Emergency Management Program Overview
University of Massachusetts Medical School Andrew Garrett MD, MPH, FAAP Richard Aghababian MD, FACEP University of Massachusetts Medical School Andrew.
PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 4a – Disasters and Decisions.
The Use of Models in Emergency Management Presented By: Armond T. Mascelli Vice President, Operations Disaster Services.
PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 6 – Recovery From Disaster.
Session 21 National Incident Management Systems Local, State, Tribal, and Federal Emergency Management Structures and Systems Session 2 Slide Deck.
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Natural Hazards Science – Reducing the World’s.
Disaster Emergency Management BY: ELLIAS NARDINI INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE & GENERAL AGENT APPLIED TRAINING SOLUTIONS, LLC 8527 CHASE GLEN CIRCLE FAIRFAX,
Emergency Management in Canada John Lindsay Brandon University.
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Kentucky Department for Public Health Department for Public Health.
Franklin County Emergency Management and Homeland Security AN INTRODUCTION.
Risk and Emergency Management Division Southside Hampton Roads Hazard Mitigation Plan.
FRANKLIN COUNTY CERT & YOUR COMMUNITY Information Brief to InfraGard Presenter: Tamara Kaufman FC CERT INFRAGARD PRESENTATION.
OREGON SERC & LEPC: WHAT IT MEANS TO YOUR COMMUNITY.
Natural Disaster WebQuest
Selecting Researchable Topics and Questions
Overview of NIPP 2013: Partnering for Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience October 2013 DRAFT.
October 27, 2005 Contra Costa Operational Area Homeland Security Strategic and Tactical Planning and Hazardous Materials Response Assessment Project Overview.
The Private Sector’s Role in Disasters: Leveraging the Private Sector in Emergency Management - Preparedness, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation. WEBINAR.
 Chapter Seventeen: Disaster Response. Natural Disasters with a Significant Impact on Disaster Response  San Fernando, CA, earthquake of 1971 “Quake-proofing.
Public Health Risk Assessment Bonnie Henry, MD, FRCPC Doug Sider, MD, FRCPC Public health CBRN course.
Natural Disaster WebQuest Mr. Cole 7 th Grade. Introduction ► Natural Disasters are catastrophic events that are extreme and usually sudden. They not.
National Response Plan and DOI Mission Management Briefing for DOI Annual Business Conference Laurence I. Broun Departmental Emergency Coordinator Office.
Forum on Catastrophic Preparedness and Partnering to Protect Workplaces Testimony of Larry Klein, Chair California Seismic Safety Commission Before the.
NHRAIC 40 th Annual Workshop Keynote Address Tuesday--July 21, 2015 Claire B. Rubin.
Spencer Stevens FHWA Office of Planning Michigan Transportation Planning Association 2011 Annual Conference July 14, 2011.
The State of Emergency Management Planning on College Campuses Marian E. Mosser, Ph.D. Capella University Higher Education Conference June 2009.
Protecting Emergency Responders Volume 3: Safety Management in Disaster and Terrorism Response Brian A. Jackson John C. Baker M. Susan Ridgely James T.
Critical Infrastructure Protection Overview Building a safer, more secure, more resilient America The National Infrastructure Protection Plan, released.
1 The DNA of Emergency Management. 2 Approaches to Disaster Planning Two types of planning u Emergency 0perations Plan u Emergency Support Function.
1 Emergency Management: The American Experience Claire B. Rubin, Editor Claire B. Rubin & Associates, Arlington VA Public.
Root Causes of Social Vulnerability: Historical Session 4.
Embracing Emergency Management. Texas Hazard Facts Major Disaster Declarations Floods – 39 Hurricanes – 20 Tornadoes – 18 Severe Winter.
Emergency Management Assessment of Preparedness Ron Hilliard, MSN, RN.
Session 3 Crisis and Risk Communications Session 3 Slide Deck 1Slide 3-
Introduction to Hazards Risk Management
The World Bank’s Role in Disaster Mitigation Financing the Risks of Natural Disasters June 3, 2003 Alcira Kreimer Manager, Disaster Management Facility.
Disaster Planning: Are You Ready? Kyle J. Cavanaugh Vice President University of Florida CAUBO 2006 Conference.
Health Emergency Risk Management Pir Mohammad Paya MD, MPH,DCBHD Senior Technical Specialist Public Health in Emergencies Asian Disaster Preparedness Center.
PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 1a – What Is Emergency Management?
Catastrophe Planning: Variables and Relationships David A. McEntire, PhD University of North Texas.
How do you prevent community loss in the event of a natural disaster? In a study done by the Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety (CAPSS), San Francisco.
1 DISASTER DATA BASE: A New Experimental Model Dr. A. Rossodivita San Raffaele Foundation Italy Scientific Networking and the Global Health Supercourse.
Homeland Security and Emergency Management Discussion U.S. Department of Homeland Security  National Preparedness Directorate, FEMA Higher Education Conference.
Health Safety and Preparedness.  Identify the resources required to develop and maintain a safe and prepared workplace  Understand the key roles and.
Disaster and Emergency Management Security Services.
Emergency Management: The American Experience, _____________________ Claire B. Rubin & Associates, Arlington, VA
Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Lancaster County Final Public Meeting April 26, 2013.
Citizen Corps Volunteer for America “Engaging Citizens In Homeland Security”
CJ in the USA Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
YE-XingYi Dalian Nationalities University,China The Problem and Policy of City’s Public Security Management in China.
Community Health Centers of Arkansas Hazard Vulnerability Assessment Workshop August 11, 2017 Mark Fuller.
Disaster and Emergency Management
Disaster and Emergency Planning
Disaster and Emergency Management
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.
Al Buxton– Department of Ohio National Security Chair
Disaster Recovery Operations
THE USA’S NEW POLICY DIRECTIVE ON NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS
Disaster mitigation and management
Presentation transcript:

Emergency Management: The American Experience, _____________________ Claire B. Rubin & Associates, Arlington, VA

2 Introduction  Emergency Management (EM): application of “science, technology, planning and management to deal with extreme events that can injure or kill large numbers of people, do extensive damage to property, and disrupt community life.”  EM is an essential component of homeland security. More prominent in the past five years, because of 9/11 attacks and 2005 hurricanes.  History of disaster and EM in the United States – complex, often tragic, and always fascinating.  EM policies, legislation, programs, systems and organizations have been developed in reaction to major focusing events.  Sequence of selected major disaster events and their outcomes are documented in the new book – termed “focusing events”

3 The American Experience:  First book to examine a century+ of U.S. disaster experience.  Builds on Time Line charts which graphically display events and outcomes for recent decades; go from decades to century perspective.  Focuses on response experience and organizations, highlights gradual public sector involvement, with focus on 1950-present.  Provides case examples and in-depth analysis of public policy issues and public administration matters for more than a century.

4 Why 105 Years?  A “century look” would have been “tidier, ” but--  First five years of 21 st Century were highly dramatic in terms of disasters: 9/11--worst terrorism event in U.S., Hurricanes Katrina et al. =largest impact and most costly natural disasters to date. For 105 year period, research focused on the gradual involvement of the public sector, analyzing  Investigations,  Studies, and  Public demand for change.

5 Research Approach  Convened an Expert Advisory Committee (20) who helped guide the effort: 2 focus group sessions and a full review of draft ms.  Assembled a research and writing staff of 9 authors with extensive disaster research experience (avg. 20+ years experience).  Identified major “focusing” disaster events.  Analysis emphasized response and recovery processes, noting lead organizations and major outcomes.

6 Research Approach, cont’d  Three underlying research questions for all of the authors: When and why did the federal government get involved in emergency management? Why and how has that role changed? What should the role of the federal government be for minor, major, and catastrophic disasters in the U.S

7 Characteristics of Focusing Events  Large Magnitude.  Unique Threat Agent.  High Visibility.  Unusual Location.  High Impact.  Surprise.  Received a Disaster Declaration (or eligible for one).

8 Selected Focusing Events To Study  Natural: floods, earthquakes, pandemics, hurricanes, storms, and the dust bowl.  Man Made – Technological/Accidental: fires, explosions, hazardous materials releases, oil spills.  Man Made-Technological/Deliberate: sabotage and terrorism.

9 Natural Disasters:  Floods, earthquakes, pandemics, hurricanes, storms, and the dust bowl: Galveston Hurricane (1900) San Francisco Earthquake and Fires (1906) Dust Bowl (1930s) Great MS Flood (1927) Alaska Earthquake (1964)

10 Man-Made Tech. Disasters/Accidental  Fires, explosions, hazardous materials releases, oil spills: Texas City Explosion (1947) Three Mile Island nuclear accident (1979) Exxon Valdez (1987)

11 Man-Made Tech Disasters/ Deliberate  Sabotage and terrorism :. Bombings: WTC in OK City (1995). Terrorist Attacks (9/11)

12 Historical Overview  During 19 th and early 20 th Centuries: Natural disasters viewed as “acts of God.” Response and recovery was done by the victims, helped by family, community, church, and sometimes local civic organizations Government only marginally involved. No expectation of federal disaster assistance, to individuals and families, or for public infrastructure. Disasters were dealt with locally, mostly. But, Several large-scale events raised awareness of potential devastation to victims, communities.

: In early 1900s, some major disasters affected large urban populations: Galveston and San Francisco In first half of 1900s, only limited attention given to developing local “formalized” response systems. Exceptions: ‘Quake: CA State and cities took steps re its earthquake threat; Floods: Some major flood control projects in LA,MS OH Federal government was only marginally involved; but, it did charter the American National Red Cross (1905)

continued… Response to disasters viewed as a moral and ethical responsibility of neighbors, religious groups, and the civic community. Gradually, local and state governments became increasingly involved (re health and safety of citizens). Federal government’s role was limited to post-disaster assistance. Only supplemented local and state efforts. Beginnings of scientific knowledge that could be applied to minimize effects. (Seismic safety, weather science)

: Sharp growth in scientific knowledge (technical, social, behavioral sciences). Federal government became more involved in response and recovery from major disasters. State/local governments and citizens rapidly increased their expectations of the federal role. EM began to be regarded as the “quintessential” public service at all levels of government by citizens.

16 The 21 st Century: The 21 st Century : In first five years, largest man-made and natural disasters in United States history—9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. Response and recovery for the two sets of events varied greatly. Attitudes about EM and emergency managers changed drastically.[+/-] Many expectations for assistance during both response and recovery were not met. Many issues are still unresolved. Nationally, both legislative and executive branches are still weighing changes.

17 Evolving Role of Government  20 th Century: Government at all levels had a marginal role in EM Response and recovery was conducted by disaster victims, their neighbors, religious groups, and civic communities. Little or no emphasis on mitigation, prevention, or preparedness.  21 st Century: Government at all levels is heavily involved. Response, recovery, mitigation, and preparedness are incorporated into “Comprehensive Emergency Management” and EM becomes a quintessential government service. Increasing but limited emphasis on mitigation and prevention.

18 The path of EM history is like that of the ball in a classic pinball machine.  Sometimes the ball goes straight ahead and reaches its desired destination with little or no interference;  More often the ball bounces from side to side as it ricochets from post to post;  Sometimes it hits a big obstacle and comes right back to the starting place. In all cases, the player spends lots of time and money trying to get a clear shot to the winning outcome!

19 Observations  “From a Painful Past to an Uncertain Future” Emergency Management in the Age of Terrorism The “Stream” of Policy Making Disasters Are Political Events The Presidential Conundrum The Network Context Political Accountability vs. Professionalism Civilian vs. Military Control Management of Knowledge

20 Emergency Management: The American Experience, Claire B. Rubin, Editor To be published by the Public Entity Risk Institute ( in March For details regarding Table of Contents, authors, and ordering information, go to

21 Value of History