Mrs. C. Stephenson Unit 1 – G Urban Environments Urban Morphology

Urbanization is… An increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities. It may involve both rural–urban migration and natural increase. An increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities. It may involve both rural–urban migration and natural increase. –1800 = 3% of world population (2 cities) –1900 = 14% of world population (12 cities) –1950 = 30% of world population (83 cities) –2000 = 47% of world population (411 cities) –2007 = 52% of world population (417 cities) –2.8 billion people live in cities:  76% MEDC / 40% LEDC

Fast Urbanization… Fastest growing cities in Latin America, Japan and Korea Fastest growing cities in Latin America, Japan and Korea Most fastest growing are in LEDC’s Most fastest growing are in LEDC’s 70 “millionaire cities” in China – policy restrictions 70 “millionaire cities” in China – policy restrictions Cities in North America and Europe DECLINING…(except for NYC!) Cities in North America and Europe DECLINING…(except for NYC!)

Counter-urbanization The movement of population away from inner urban areas to a new town, a new estate, a commuter town or a village on the edge or just beyond the city limits/rural–urban fringe. The movement of population away from inner urban areas to a new town, a new estate, a commuter town or a village on the edge or just beyond the city limits/rural–urban fringe.

Burgess 1924 Ernest Burgess, 1920s Ernest Burgess, 1920s Sociologist at the University of Chicago Sociologist at the University of Chicago Invasion and succession drove formation of concentric rings Invasion and succession drove formation of concentric rings An ecological model, with ethnic groups as the species An ecological model, with ethnic groups as the species His model included “Little Sicily,” Chinatown, Deutschland, “underworld roomers,” “single- family dwellings,” and “bungalow section” His model included “Little Sicily,” Chinatown, Deutschland, “underworld roomers,” “single- family dwellings,” and “bungalow section” Pertained to early 20th c. Chicago in time of European immigration Pertained to early 20th c. Chicago in time of European immigration

Burgess 1924 – Concentric Ring Theory (Chicago) 1. CBD – Central Business District

2. Transition – “Twilight Zone” Chinatown Chinatown

3. Low Class Housing 1950’s 1950’s Today

4. Medium Class Housing Lincoln Park Lincoln Park

5. High Class Housing

Hoyt 1939 Homer Hoyt economist Homer Hoyt economist 8 Variables 142 cities 8 Variables 142 cities Account for changes and distribution of residential patterns Account for changes and distribution of residential patterns DOH! More models!

Assumptions Wealthy choose best sites (ability to pay) Wealthy choose best sites (ability to pay) Wealthy afford to commute Wealthy afford to commute Concentrated functions in certain areas (sector development) Concentrated functions in certain areas (sector development) Highest rent – linear along communications Highest rent – linear along communications An area would keep it’s residential function over time An area would keep it’s residential function over time

Atlanta

Calgary…it’s in Canada, EH?

Mann 1965 This model of British urban development, proposed by P. Mann (1965), combines the sector theory with the concentric zone model. Four basic sectors are postulated: middle class, lower middle class, working class, and lower working class. Each sector displays four zones. In each case, there is the CBD, the transitional zone, a zone of smaller houses, and the outermost zone made up of post-1918 housing.sector theoryconcentric zone model

Ullman and Harris 1945 More complex More complex Nucleus acts as a growth point Nucleus acts as a growth point Nucleus growth merges Nucleus growth merges City too big…dispersal of functions City too big…dispersal of functions Atlanta Atlanta

Zelinsky – migration vs economic development

Models…what you need to know! Limitations Limitations One size DOES NOT fit all One size DOES NOT fit all Decatur Decatur