Histology of the Reproductive System By: ERDS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A.PRIMARY FUNCTION IS REPRODUCTION- BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGYCAL MOTIVATION B.REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES : 1.TESTES-SPERM PRODUCTION VIA MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS 2.EPIDIDYMIS-STORAGE OF SPERM 3.GENITAL DUCTS 4.PENIS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

C. ACCESORY GLANDS-TO SUPPORT & TRANSPORT SPERM 1.SEMINAL VESSICLE 2.PROSTATE 3.BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

TESTES A.ANDROGEN = TESTOSTERONE 1.STEROID HORMONE PRODUCED BY LEYDIG OR INTERSTITIAL CELLS 2. SOME PRODUCED BY ADRENAL (VERY SMALL AMOUNT) 3. NECESSARY FOR SPERM PRODUCTION AN D MATURATION 4. OTHER EFFECTS A.DIFFERENTIATION OF CNS, DUCTS AND GENITAL STRUCTURES B.GROWTH & SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS C.GROWTH & SECONDARY CHARAC. OF ACCESSORY GLANDS

TESTES

D. METABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND KIDNEY E. BEHAVIOR-8 TH GRADERS AND SOPHOMORES 5. CONCENTRATION EFFECTS-HIGH IN SEMINIFEROUS LUMEN, HEMODILUTION 6. PRESENCE OF RECEPTORS

HORMONAL STIMULATION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1.FEED BACK SYSTEM INVOLVES THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY 2.ANTERIOR PITUITARY PRODUCES LH, FSH, PROLACTIN 3.LH STIMULATES LEYDIG CELLS TO PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE 4.PROLACTIN & LH PROMOTES STEROIDOGENIC ACTIVITY 5.FSH & TESTOSTERONE STIMULATE SPERM PRODUCTION IN SERTOLI CELLS

HISTOLOGY A.VASCULATURE IS CRITICAL TO FUNCTION 1.SPERM PRODUCTION 2.ERECTION & TRANSMISSION OF SPERM 3.TEMPERATURE REGULATION-MUST BE BELOW 37ºC B.CONNECTIVE TISSUE SYSTEM 1.TUNICA BAGINALIS (OUTER), T. ALBUGINEA (MIDDLE) & T. VASCULOSA (INNER) 2.MEDIASTINUM TESTES = CONNECTIVE TISSUE TO PROTECT BLOOD VESSELS. LYMPHATICS, & GENITAL DUCTS 3.LOBULES CONTAIN THE SEMINIFEROUS FOR SPERM PRODUCTION 4.THESE LOBULES TERMINATE IN TUBULI RECTI TO RETE TESTIS

C. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 1.DIFFERENT SPERMATOGENIC CELLS ARE INTERSPERSED WITH EPITHELIAL CELLS (SERTOLI) AT SPECIFICSITES GOVERNED BY SPECIFIC INTERCELULAR CONNECTIONS 2.DEVELOPS IN CYCLES–74 DAYS TO MATURATION A.TUNICA PROPRIA CONTAINS MYOID CELLS WHICH ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE LIKE AND USED FOR CONTRACTION OF PERISTALTIC TO MOVE SPERM 3.SERTOLI CELLS A.TALL COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM B.SUPPORT (NURSE) CELLS FOR SPERM C.EXTENSIVE RER, GOLGI, LIPID, GLYCOGEN & INCLUSIONS INDICATE HIGH METABOLIC ACTIVITY

TUBULUS SEMINIFEROUS

D. SPECIFIC CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN UNIQUE TIGHT JUNCTIONS E. ALSO A CELL-SPERMATOCYTE JUNCTION=DESMOSOMAL LIKE 4. CELL-CELL ESTABLISHES THE BASAL AND LUMINAL COMPARTMENTS A.SPERMATOGONIA & PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE CONFINED TO BASAL LAYER BY TIGHT JUNCTION B.WITH MEIOSIS & SPERMATOGENESIS MOVEMENT UPWORDS TOWARDS THE LUMINAL SURFACE 5. INDICATES NURSE CELL FUNCTION AS IN OTHER SYSTEMS 6. BASAL LAMINAE DEFINES BLOOD-TESTES BARRIER & BLOCKS CERTAIN MOLECULES SUCH AS Iggs BUT OTHERS OK

7. EDOCRINE/EXOCRINE FUNCTION A.ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEIN=CONCENTRATES THE TESTOSTERONE IN LUMEN OF THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES-ESSENTIAL FOR SPERM DEVELOPMENT B.INHIBIT-APPEARS TO REGULATE FSH BY FEEDBACK AS WELL AS CONTROL OF ABP SYNTHESIS

8. LEYDIG CELLS A.LARGE ACIDOPHILIC (HARD TO SEE) WITH INCLUSIONS OF LIPID AND CRYSTALS OF REINKE B.STEROID SECRETING PROFILE FOR TESTOSTERONE C.IN OLD AGE MAY RESEMBLE FIBROBLASTS

LEYDIG CELL

SPERMATOGENESIS – 3 PHASES A.SPERMATOGONIAL 1.STEM CELLS DIVIDE 2.COMMITTED POPULATION OF CELLS TO BE SPERMATOGONIA 3.HISTOLOGICALLY DEFINED BY APPEARANCE OF NUCLEI AND STAIN AFFINITY B.SPERMATOCYTE=MEIOSIS 1.REDUCTION DIVISION AFTER MITOSIS TO NUCLEI 2.TIME OF CROSS OVER

C. SPERMATID = SPERMIOGENESIS 1.AFTER 2 nd MEIOTIC DIVISION GOES TO 4 PHASES A.GOLGI PHASE-PROACROSOMAL GRANULE TO FORM ACROSOMAL VESICLE NEAR NUCLEAR MEMBRANE; MOVEMENT OF CENTRIOLES B.CAP PHASE-FORMATION OF ACROSOMAL CAP IN TIGHT ASSOC. WITH MEMRANE C.ACROSOMAL PHASE-REORIENTATION, CONDENSATION OF NUCLEUS AND MT FOR MACHETTE CYLINDER

D. MATURE SPERM 1.HEAD AND TAIL REGION 2.ACROSOMAL REACTION-RECOGNITION AND DIGESTION 3.SPERM ARE SECRETED IN FLUID FROM SERTOLI CELLS AND ARE NON-MOTILE AT THIS TIME 4.HIGH CONCENTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE NECESSARY FOR MATURATION IN LUMEN 5.DUCTS OF TESTES A.TUBULI RECTI=STRAIGHT TUBE TO RETE TESTES OF MEDIASTINUM B.SIMPLE EPITHELIUM WITH APICAL CILIA

EXCURRENT DUCT SYSTEMS 1.EFFERENT DUCTULES CONNECT RETE TESTES TO EPIDIDYMIS 2.CONVOLUTED SYSTEM TO FORM CONICAL MASS=CNI VASCULOSA 3.PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM FOR FLUID RESORBTION 4.SOME ELASTIC FIBERS 5.MOVEMENT OF SPERM BY CILIA

DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS 1.MATURATION OF SPERM 2.PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM WITH STEREO CILIA THAT CONTAINS PRINCIPAL CELLS AND BASAL CELLS 3.FUNCTION A.FLUID RESORBTION B.PHAGOCYTOSIS OF RESIDUAL BODIES FROM SPERM C.SECRETION OF GLYCOPROTEIN HIGH FRUCTOSE- RICH FLUID WITH GLYCERPHOSPHOCHOLINE, SIALIC ACID AND GP

DUCTUS DEFERENS (VAS DEFERENS) 1.APPEARANCE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 2.APICAL REGION NEAR EPIDIDYMIS 3.DISTAL AT PROSTATIC URETHRA 4.ENLARGES AT AMPULA, JOINTS THE DUCT OF SEMINAL VESICLE TO THE EJACULATORY DUCT 5.PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM WITH LOTS OF MUCOSAL INFOLDING

ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS A.ALL APICAL TO VAS DEFERENS TO PRODUCE FLUID FOR METABOLISM AND TRANSPORT OF SPERM B.SHOOTING BLANKS MEANS TO PRODUCE ALL THE SEMEN WITHOUT SPERM IF YOU HAVE A VASECTOMY = TUBULE LIGATION C.SEMINAL VESICLES 1.PAIRED TUBULAR GLANDS IN MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS COAT 2.SECRETES VISCUS FLUID FOR SPERM METABOLISM (FRUCTOSE), AMINO ACID, ASCORBATE (ANTIOXIDANT) AND PROSTAGLANDINS

PROSTATE GLAND A.LARGE TUBULO ALVEOLAR GLAND PROXIMAL TO URETHRA B.MUCOSAL LAYER C.SUBMUCOSAL LAYER’GLANDS D.CANCER RISK-BENIGN HYPERTHROPHY BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS (COWPER’S GLANDS) A.SIMPLE MUCUS SECRETING B.SECRETES GALACTOSE, GALACTOSAMINE & SIALIC ACID C.MAJOR PORTION OF PRESEMINAL FLUID D.SEMEN=ALL PRODUCTS OF SECRETION FOR LUBRICATION, NUTRITION AND ENHANCEMENT OF FERTILIZATION

PENIS A.CARRIES BOTH URINE AND SPERM B.ERECTILE TISSUE 2 DORSAL MASSES CORPORA CAVERNOSA AND 1 VENTRAL CORPORA SPONGIOSUM C.CT= TUNICA ALBUGINEA D.ERECTILE AND INCREASE PRESSURE (CONSTRICTION) OF VENOUS SYSTEM E.AUTONOMIC ACTIVITY CONTROLS BLOOD FLOW INTO CORPORA CAVERNOSA AND AV SHUNT (CONSTRICTION) 1.PARASYMPATHETIC – INITIATES THE ERECTION 2.SYMPATHETIC – RESPONSIBLE FOR EJACULATION 3.COMMONLY TERMED POINT AND SHOOT F.SOME CORTICAL CONTROL – FANTASIES, STRESS