Discovery of Cells In 1665, scientist Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine thin slices of cork. He observed that cork is made of tiny, hollow compartments. The compartments reminded him of small rooms so he gave the “rooms” the name: cells. The plants Hooke observed were actually dead. He was actually observing cell walls and empty space.

Discovery of the Cell Tradesman Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better lenses for microscopes and was the first person to observe living cells.

Hooke or Leeuwenhoek ???? Read about these two fine gentlemen in your Bio book (p ). Create a skit that entails a conversation between these scientists regarding the discovery of cells and microscopes. Decide “who is going to be who”, create your skit, and have fun Performing for the class in optional

Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other living cells Cells are the basic unit of life

Cell Vocabulary Unicellular: one cell Multicellular: more than one cell Prokaryote: cells that do not have defined cell organelles or nuclei Eukaryote: cells that do have defined cell organelles and nuclei

Note Break Which domains of life have prokaryotic cells? Which kingdoms of life have prokaryotic cells? Which kingdoms of life have eukaryotic cells? Archae and Bacteria Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

What are Cell Organelles? Cell organelles are structures that perform distinct processes within a cell. The cytoplasm of a cell contains the cell organelles. For example; chloroplasts and mitochondria are cell organelles found in the cytoplasm.

Cell Organelles Nucleus Nucleus Controls all cell functions Contains genetic information … DNA The “Brain” of the cell

Cell Organelles Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Located inside the nucleus

Cell Organelles Ribosomes Site for protein synthesis Protein synthesis is making proteins

Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Interconnected network of thin folded membranes The intracellular highway Transports ribosomes throughout the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum A B A.Smooth ER: no ribosomes B. Rough ER: has ribosomes Ribosomes

Note Break Using the construction paper provided, create the cell organelle, Endoplasmic Reticulum, including both smooth and rough ER. 1) Fold your construction paper to demonstrate the network of thin folded membranes (Helpful Hint: fold accordion style). 2) Create ribosomes to illustrate rough ER. There are glue sticks and paper provided for the ribosomes. 3) Have fun and be sure to label the smooth and rough ER.

Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus Also known as Golgi Body Process, package, and secrete proteins Some of the proteins are stored within the Golgi Bodies and some are transported to other cell organelles Referred to as the Post Office

Cell Organelles Mitochondria Supplies energy to the cell Referred to as the Power House Site for Cellular Respiration

Cell Organelles Chloroplast Site for photosynthesis ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS

Note Break Compare Mitochondria to Chloroplasts Mitochondria Chloroplasts Function: Shape: Composition: Cell Type: Energy / Cellular respiration Carries out photosythesis Bean shaped with 2 membranes. Bean shaped with inner and outer membranes. Stacks of discs within inner membrane. Have ribosomes and DNA Have ribosomes and DNA Both animal and plant cells

Cell Organelles Vacuole Storage organelle May store water, food molecules and enzymes Vacuoles are smaller in animal cells. Why do you think animal cell vacuoles are smaller?

Cell Organelles Lysosomes Organelles that contain enzymes that defend the cell against bacteria and viruses

Cell Organelles Centrioles Cylinder shaped organelle that aid in cell division

Which Organelle Are You? Mitochondria Create a Song, Poem, or Rap about 6 organelles discussed in class. Be sure to name, state the function, and identify major events that take place in the organelles. Your project must also be in written form. Chloroplast Create Want Ads for 6 of the organelles discussed in class. Your Want Ad is for a Cell that is looking for a specific organelle. Nucleus Create a Cell Organelle Poster. Your Poster should include the following: illustrations, definitions, comparison of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and comparison of a plant and animal cell. You will be assigned the organelles to complete on your poster. When finished, work on plant and animal cell ws