Ford LSPI Prove Out Analysis Kevin O’Malley The Lubrizol Corporation 1

Overview 40 tests included 16 IAR (2 stands; 8 tests per stand; 2 engine builds per stand) 16 SwRI (2 stands; 8 tests per stand; 2 engine builds per stand) 8 LZ (1 stand; 2 engine builds) 2 oils tested (low event oil and high event oil) Each oil tested in duplicate within each stand-engine build combination 2

Data Table 3

Plot of Prove out Results 4

5 The number of LSPI events is shown for each of the 4 valid iterations per test

Regression Analysis – HEO & LEO 6 IAR tends to be more mild compared to LZ and SwRI Overall Effects Table IAR PI10 is more severe than PI9 No strong indication that engines significantly differ within other labs IAR Stand 60 tends to be more mild than Stand 62 SwRI Stand 2 is more mild than Stand 4 Carry Over Effect not included; No strong evidence of its effect

Regression Analysis – LEO Only 7 On average, there is no strong evidence to conclude lab, stand, engine, and cylinder head hours affect the number of LSPI events Overall Effects Table However, there is some evidence suggesting IAR is more mild than LZ and SwRI IAR PI10 is more severe than PI9 SwRI LSPI 10 is more severe than LSPI 11 Parameter Estimates Table

Regression Analysis – HEO Only 8 IAR tends to be more mild compared to LZ and SwRI Overall Effects Table IAR PI10 is more severe than PI9 No strong indication that engines significantly differ within other labs IAR Stand 60 is more mild than Stand 62 SwRI Stand 2 is more mild than Stand 4 There is more evidence that cylinder head run hours affects LSPI events in HEO results

Regression Analysis – HEO Only 9

10 EngineStand(lab) included in the model VIF values give us an indication of the collinearity among the factors in the model The higher the VIF the more difficult it is to separate the factor’s effect from other terms in the model This suggests that there could be engine-stand differences as opposed to an cylinder head hours effect 60PI9 is on the low end of # of events 4LSPI 11 is on the high end of # of events

Regression Analysis – HEO Only 11 IAR tends to be the most mild lab Overall Effects Table A deeper inspection of these differences reveals: At IAR, Stand 60 PI9 is more severe than the other stand-engine combinations At LZ, engine 1000 tends to be more severe than 1001 At SwRI, LSPI 11 in stand 4 is more severe than both engines in stand 2

What are these prove-out data trying to tell us? Option 1: There are only oil differences (analysis suggests this is not the case, but it’s still possible) 12 Perhaps suggests a wide range of variability and the other differences observed in the data are happening by chance

What are these prove-out data trying to tell us? Option 2: There are oil differences and the effect of cylinder head run hours is real 13 IAR is the most mild lab on average IAR PI10 is more severe than PI9 IAR Stand 60 is more mild than Stand 62 SwRI Stand 2 is more mild than Stand 4

What are these prove-out data trying to tell us? Option 3: There are oil and stand-engine differences 14 IAR tends to be the most mild lab At IAR, Stand 60 PI9 is more severe than the other stand-engine combinations At LZ, engine 1000 tends to be more severe than 1001 At SwRI, LSPI 11 in stand 4 is more severe than both engines in stand 2

General Comments 15 It is not very clear what explains variability in the number of LSPI events It’s possible that cylinder head hours affects the variability Or it could be attributed to something related to setting up engine-stand combinations Or it could be that the only difference in LSPI events is the oil Or it could be build or operational data differences Or it could be something we have not yet identified or recorded The complexity in these data should be kept in mind when setting up LTMS post precision matrix We may find that the most conservative approach is an engine-stand based system

Quest to Understand Sources of variability 16 Assume each of the 3 options is plausible Mine operational data and build data to identify correlations for further review Mean, median, and standard deviation of each operational parameter Summarized by iteration Build data is unique to the engine Trend lines have been added to plots, but should be used with caution Comments When option 1 is assumed, build and a few operational differences could be affecting the number of LSPI events These differences generally line up with stand-engine differences When options 2 and 3 are assumed, build and operational differences do not appear to explain the residual variability

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 17

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 18

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 19

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 20

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 21

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 22

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 23

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 24

Quest to Understand Sources of variability - Option1 25

Quest to Understand Sources of variability – Option2 26 Build and operational differences do not appear to explain the residual variability

Quest to Understand Sources of variability – Option2 27 Build and operational differences do not appear to explain the residual variability

Operational Data Plots 28

Overview Operational parameters are plotted versus cumulative time Cumulative time is a combination of time from valid iterations A, B, C, and D; time at start of iteration A = 0hrs Each RunID/Test # is plotted in a separate pane Each parameter has plots with a legend for both lab and number of LSPI events (a.k.a. All Cylinder PP & MFB2) CAN data are plotted with and without stand 62 29

30 Engine Speed

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ZOOMED IN 32 Low Event Oil

33 High Event Oil

34 Engine Load

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ZOOMED IN 36 Low Event Oil

37 High Event Oil

38 Coolant Out Temperature

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ZOOMED IN 40 Low Event Oil

41 High Event Oil

42 Oil Gallery Temperature

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ZOOMED IN 44 Low Event Oil

45 High Event Oil

46 Air Charge Temperature

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ZOOMED IN 48 Low Event Oil

49 High Event Oil

50 Inlet Air Temperature

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52 ZOOMED IN

53 Low Event Oil

54 High Event Oil

55 Inlet Air Pressure

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ZOOMED IN 57 Low Event Oil

58 High Event Oil

59 Exhaust Back Pressure

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ZOOMED IN 61 Low Event Oil

62 High Event Oil

63 Fuel Temperature

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65 ZOOMED IN

66 Low Event Oil

67 High Event Oil

68 Fuel Flow

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ZOOMED IN 70 Low Event Oil

71 High Event Oil

72 Air Charge Pressure

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ZOOMED IN 74 Low Event Oil

75 High Event Oil

76 Barometric Pressure

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ZOOMED IN 78 Low Event Oil

79 High Event Oil

80 Atmospheric Temp

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ZOOMED IN 82 Low Event Oil

83 High Event Oil

84 Crankcase Pressure

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86 ZOOMED IN

87 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 88 Low Event Oil

89 High Event Oil

90 High Event Oil ZOOMED IN

91 Blowby Flow

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ZOOMED IN 93 Low Event Oil

94 High Event Oil

95 Oil Sump Temp

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ZOOMED IN 97 Low Event Oil

98 High Event Oil

99 Oil Fiter In Temp

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ZOOMED IN 101 Low Event Oil

102 High Event Oil

103 Exhaust Temp

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ZOOMED IN 105 Low Event Oil

106 High Event Oil

107 Ignition Timing Advance for #1 Cylinder CAN

108

109 ZOOMED IN

110 Low Event Oil

111 High Event Oil

112 Absolute Throttle Position CAN

113

114 ZOOMED IN

115 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 116 High Event Oil

117 Engine Coolant Temperature CAN

118

119 ZOOMED IN

120 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 121 High Event Oil

122 Intake Air Temperature CAN

123

124 ZOOMED IN

125 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 126 High Event Oil

127 Equivalence Ratio (Lambda) CAN

128

129 ZOOMED IN

130 ZOOMED IN

131 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 132 High Event Oil

133 Absolute Load Value CAN

134

135 ZOOMED IN

136 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 137 High Event Oil

138 Intake Manifold Absolute Pressure CAN

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140 ZOOMED IN

141 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 142 High Event Oil

143 Fuel Rail Pressure CAN

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145 ZOOMED IN

146 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 147 High Event Oil

148 Boost Absolute Pressure - Raw Value CAN

149

150 ZOOMED IN

151 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 152 High Event Oil

153 Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Solenoid A Duty Cycle CAN

154

155 ZOOMED IN

156 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 157 High Event Oil

158 Actual Intake (A) Camshaft Position Bank 1 CAN

159

160 ZOOMED IN

161 ZOOMED IN

162 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 163 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 164 High Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 165 High Event Oil

166 Actual Exhaust (B) Camshaft Position Bank 1 CAN

167

168 ZOOMED IN

169 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 170 High Event Oil

171 Intake (A) Camshaft Position Actuator Duty Cycle Bank 1 CAN

172

173 ZOOMED IN

174 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 175 High Event Oil

176 Exhaust (B) Camshaft Position Actuator Duty Cycle Bank 1 CAN

177

178 ZOOMED IN

179 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 180 High Event Oil

181 Charge Air Cooler Temperature Bank 1 Sensor 1 - Raw CAN

182

183 ZOOMED IN

184 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 185 High Event Oil

186 Cylinder 1 Knock/Combustion Performance Counter CAN

187

ZOOMED IN 188 Low Event Oil

189 High Event Oil

190 Cylinder 2 Knock/Combustion Performance Counter CAN

191

ZOOMED IN 192 Low Event Oil

193 High Event Oil

194 Cylinder 3 Knock/Combustion Performance Counter CAN

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ZOOMED IN 196 Low Event Oil

197 High Event Oil

198 Cylinder 4 Knock/Combustion Performance Counter CAN

199

ZOOMED IN 200 Low Event Oil

201 High Event Oil

202 Accelerator Pedal Position D CAN

203

204 ZOOMED IN

205 ZOOMED IN

206 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 207 Low Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 208 High Event Oil

ZOOMED IN 209 High Event Oil

210 Build Data

211 Average LSPI events per test are plotted versus lab-stand-engine combinations The color on the plot is associated with the various build measurements collected

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