THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM What if … You are skateboarding in a neighborhood park. Out of the corner of your eye you see a LARGE, vicious looking dog lunging at you! He is growling, barking and showing his teeth. Suddenly he breaks free from his leash and comes straight toward you. Your heart begins to pound…your hands get sweaty and your muscles tighten up. You grab your skateboard and jump into your parent’s car. You are safe now but your heart is still pounding. In this unit we will learn how the endocrine system can help with a quick response to danger and how it slowly turns you from a child to an adolescent to an adult. 1

Endocrine System -hormones and the glands that produce and secrete them Endocrine System 5:45 2

GLANDS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: 1. Pituitary gland 2. Pineal gland 3. Hypothalamus 4. Thyroid and Parathyroids 5. Pancreas 6. Adrenal glands 7. Reproductive organs 3

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM VOCAB 1-6: 1. Endocrine System – hormones and the glands that produce and secrete them 2. Gland – group of cells that produces and secretes hormones 3. Hormones – chemical messengers produced and secreted by glands 4. Secrete – to produce liquid so that it flows 5. Duct gland – a channel through which secretions are carried to specific locations in the body (tear & sweat glands) 6. Ductless gland (Endocrine Glands) – secrete hormones into the blood stream 4

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM VOCAB 7-11: 7. Thyroid Gland – produces hormones that controls how the body uses & stores fuel 8. Pituitary Gland – master gland of the endocrine system 9. Adrenal glands – located above each kidney; secretes adrenaline 10. Pancreas – part of the digestive system, produces hormones that regulate glucose 11. Hypothalamus – produces hormones that control the pituitary gland 5

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM VOCAB 12-15: 12. Pineal Gland – influences sleep-wake cycles in our body 13. Metabolism – rate at which cells burn fuel to produce energy 14. Insulin – a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the way the body uses sugar 15. Adrenaline - a hormone that causes our body to react to a “fight or flight” event 6

HUMAN BODY HAS TWO TYPES OF GLANDS: 1. duct glands = exocrine glands (tear, sweat, and salivary glands) 2. ductless glands = endocrine glands 7

Duct Glands vs. Ductless Glands Endocrine Glands: ✓ secrete (give off) chemicals called hormones ✓ different hormones control various body processes 8

THYROID GLAND: Located in the front part of lower neck (below the “voice box”) Shaped like a bow tie or butterfly Secretes a hormone that controls the rate at which the body burns and uses food ( metabolism ) Controlled by the pituitary gland Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland Video 9 Parathyroids - four tiny glands attached to the thyroid regulate the level of calcium in the body

PITUITARY GLAND Located at the bottom of the brain (pea sized) secretes hormones that control other glands ➢ such as: growth, water balance, endorphins (pain sensitivity) Called the “master gland” 10

ADRENAL GLANDS Located on the top of each kidney Helps the body’s response to stress Produces Adrenaline, which increases blood pressure & heart rate when the body experiences stress Fight or Flight VideoFight or Flight Video 6:36 11

Hypothalamus Produces hormones that control the pituitary gland Located in the lower central part of the brain Part of the endocrine and nervous system Controls the body’s temperature, blood pressure, and emotions Hypothalamus Video

Thymus Helps the body’s immune system to recognize and reject germs Located below the Thyroid glands. What is the Thymus? 13

PANCREAS: Both a duct and ductless gland Located behind the stomach Secretes a hormone called insulin that regulates how the body uses and stores sugar (glucose) Homeostasis 14

PINEAL GLAND Located in the middle of the brain Produces “sleep-wake” hormone Pineal Gland Video Pineal Gland Video

Common Disorders of the Endocrine System 16

Diabetes When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, a person has a sickness called diabetes (can be controlled but not cured) 17 seasesinjuriesandconditions/diabet es/

Dysfunctional Thyroid Gland Goiter abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glandA goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), too little hormone (hypothyroidism), or the correct amount of hormone (euthyroidism). 18

GROWTH HORMONE - Pituitary Gland disorders Robert Wadlow Tallest man in history! 8’ 11 ¼” tall died in 1940 Video Pituitary Gigantism and Acromegaly 19

GROWTH HORMONE The shortest woman of the world Jyoti Amge now 20-years-old Nagpur, India Under 25 in. tall 20