The Growth of Industry SOL: VUS.8b Objective: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how the nation grew and changed from the end of Reconstruction through the early twentieth century by b) describing the transformation of the American economy from a primarily agrarian to a modern industrial economy and identifying major inventions that improved life in the United States.

Essential Understanding: In the years after the CIVIL WAR, the United States developed into an INDUSTRIAL POWERHOUSE. Inventors and SCIENTISTS, backed by BUSINESS leaders, created an explosion of inventions and improvements. TECHNOLOGICAL change spurred the growth of INDUSTRY, primarily in NORTHERN cities.

Daily Life in 1865 No LIGHT- The rising and setting of the SUN dictated the rhythm of a day’s work since indoor ELECTRIC LIGHTING did not exist.

Daily Life in 1865 No REFRIDGERATION- People sawed blocks of ice out of frozen ponds during the winter, packed them in sawdust, and stored them in icehouses for later use.

Daily Life in 1865 Slow COMMUNICATION- Most mail from the East Coast took TEN days to reach the Midwest and THREE WEEKS to get to the West. It took several MONTHS for news to cross the Atlantic.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABOR

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABOR Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALS Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALSMONEY/CAPITAL Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALSMONEY/CAPITAL Ex. GOLD, INVESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALSMONEY/CAPITALTECHNOLOGY Ex. GOLD, INVESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHEAP LABORRAW MATERIALSMONEY/CAPITALTECHNOLOGY Ex. RAILROADS, TELEPHONE Ex. GOLD, INESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS, CHILDREN

Steel Processing/ BESSEMER PROCESS (1857) HENRY BESSEMER CHEAP and EASY way to make steel

Steel Processing/ BESSEMER PROCESS (1857) Possible for trains to carry HEAVIER loads on STEEL tracks instead of IRON Able to build TALLER buildings with steel, as it is LIGHTER than iron

Telephone (1876) ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL Made COMMUNICATION faster Created jobs for WOMEN as telephone OPPERATORS and OFFICE workers

LIGHT BULB / Effective use of ELECTRICITY (1880/1882) THOMAS EDISON Source of LIGHT and POWER (for MACHINERY) No longer dependant on WATER SUPPLY for power LONGER workdays made possible with electric LIGHTS

Airplane (1903) ORVILLE and WILBER WRIGHT A GASOLINE powered FLYING machine First FLIGHT of a “Heavier- than-air” machine

ASSEMBLY Line (c.1910) HENRY FORD Used INTERCHANGABLE parts and created a system where each worker only had ONE JOB and did it over and over Built “Model T” cars so CHEAP that almost ANYONE could afford one

“I Love Lucy- Candy Wrapping Department”

The Brooklyn Bridge

After the Civil War, New York City grew in SIZE and POPULATION Many who worked in MANHATTAN, lived in BROOKLYN and the only way across the East River was a ferry service

Ernest Ankener and George W. McNulty (American, circa 1845–1924). Gable-end Elevation, Brooklyn Bridge Station, Black ink, colored ink, and pencil on paper. Municipal Archives of the City of New York, inv. no (Transparency: Brooklyn Museum Archives, Exhibitions: The Great East River Bridge, 1883–1983) That’s my great- great grandfather who emigrated here from Germany. He was an Assistant Engineer on the Bridge!

The Brooklyn Bridge was started in 1869 and completed in Made high enough to clear RIVER TRAFFIC Suspension bridge with thick STEEL cables Longest bridge in the world (AT THE TIME)

The Classic Dart - Practice Round

You have:

How do you think assembly line manufacturing changed life/work for people? Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write your name and as many answers as possible to the above question. This will be collected for an easy participation point.

Before and After… Before Assembly Line Manufacturing Specialized custom products Products Built by one expert from start to finish Time consuming to make products $$$ Expensive $$$ After Assembly Line Manufacturing Standardized products Products built by many workers piece by piece Quick production Cheap products Boring jobs