Intelligence and Creativity Things we will aim to learn: 1. Alfred Binet’s four part definition of intelligence 2. The original formula for I.Q. 3. The Wechsler performance scale 4. How both environment and heredity determine intelligence 5. Classifications of Mental Retardation 6. Psychology’s concept or creativity as “breaking set”

Intelligence and Creativity Intro Activity: With your group, fill in the following blanks with at least five possibilities. Intelligence is ________________. Smart people are _______________. Now, identify which of your statements is best to share

Intelligence and Creativity Now take “The Alabama” Intelligence Test Reliability: The measure of a test’s consistency. Validity: The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Cultural Bias: The unfair measure of cultural groups’ abilities.

Intelligence and Creativity Quick History of Intelligence Measurement: - Psychologists first tried to measure intelligence in a very mechanical way: * They would press Rubber Plugs against a subjects forehead until pain was reported! * This data was then used to determine which how much pain a “dull” or “bright” person could tolerate. - At least now we know that reaction time to a stimulus is indicative of intelligence! Intelligence is defined as: The ability to understand and adapt to the environment by using a combination of inherited abilities and learning experiences.

Intelligence and Creativity Quick Intelligence Test: On a piece of scrap paper connect the following nine (9) dots with four (4) straight lines without lifting your pen/pencil. oooooooooooooooooo It will definitely be helpful to think “Outside of the Box!”

Intelligence and Creativity oooooooooooooooooo Solution:

Another Brain Teaser: You have a fox, a chicken and a sack of grain. You must cross a river with only one of them at a time. If you leave the fox with the chicken he will eat it; if you leave the chicken with the grain he will eat it. How can you get all three across safely? Answer: Take the chicken over first. Go back and bring the grain next, but instead of leaving the chicken with the grain, come back with the chicken. Leave the chicken on the first side and take the fox with you. Leave it on the other side with the grain. Finally, go back over and get the chicken and bring it over. Intelligence and Creativity

Alfred Binet Binet was hired in France by the minister of public instruction to find a way of identifying students who were not bright enough to be in the regular school system in the early 1900’s. The “Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale” is still in use today. - Refined at Stanford University in CA. Binet had difficulty defining Intelligence and came up with the following four elements: 1.Direction2. Adaptability 3. Comprehension4. Self-Evaluation

1.Direction is the ability to set up a goal and work toward it. 2.Adaptability means that when faced with a problem, the person can make the adjustments needed to solve it. 3.Comprehension means having a basic understanding of exactly what the problem is. 4.Self-Evaluation is the idea that a person working on a problem should be able to evaluate whether the answer is correct. Alfred Binet Continued Intelligence and Creativity

Key Terms and a Formula Mental Age – The level of intellectual functioning in years, which is compared with chronological age to derive I.Q. I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient) – A measure of intelligence originally obtained by comparing mental age, as determined by testing, with chronological age. Mental Age Chronological Age X 100 = I.Q.

Another Brain Teaser: In a small cabin in the woods, two men lay dead. The cabin itself is not burned, but the forest all around is burned to cinders. How did the men die? Answer: It's the cabin of a plane and the plane crashed. Intelligence and Creativity

David Wechsler Intelligence and Creativity - Focused on “Real World” knowledge instead of straight “word” knowledge like that of the Binet test. - Developed a two part test: - Part 1 was like the Binet test in that it focused on verbal items. - Part 2 was a non-verbal I.Q. test. -Eventually developed the WAIS & WISC The W.A.I.S. = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Used for Adults. The W.I.S.C. = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 6 – 16 Yrs.

Intelligence and Creativity Howard Gardner -Gardner was dissatisfied with the idea that intelligence had to be defined by a narrow scope that merely included “school tasks.” - Gardner proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. -Intelligence is made up of seven abilities: - Language - Logical/Mathematical - Visual/Spatial - Musical - Bodily Movement (Kinesthetic) - Intrapersonal - Interpersonal

Intelligence and Creativity Daniel Goleman Goleman proposes that emotions are such an integral aspect of human behavior that they too have to be considered an intelligence. Self-Awareness – Knowing what we are feeling and why. Managing and Harnessing Emotions – being able to control and respond to feelings appropriately. - i.e.: Impulses, Frustration, Expression of Anger. Empathy – The ability to read what another person is feeling. So, in Goleman’s view, Emotional Intelligence (E.Q.) is as important for “Real World” success as is I.Q.!

Intelligence and Creativity Robert J. Sternberg