Human factors, the way forward in the maritime application? Wendie Uitterhoeve

2 Contents – Marin human factor activities – Workload and performance measurement – Method – Physiological background – results – The way forward?

3 Marin human factor activities – Seasickness index  Passenger comfort eu – Safetug JIP, operational limits – sea JIP: lifeboats – Better performance at motions (min.def – TNO)

4 Measuring workload and performance – 2010: first experiment with Dutch pilots – 2011: second experiment – Improved measurements – Applied in regular training German pilots – Challenge to optimize analysis – Both in simulator and on board – 2012: parameter study with optimized analysis tool

5 Measuring workload and performance

6 Starting point experiment Secondary task

7 Components Subjective Objective PERFORMANCE WORKLOAD Expert rating Candidate rating Secondary task Physiological measurements Performance criteria

8 Physiological background Autonomic nerve system Sympathetic  Parasympathetic Physical response to stressor Heart rate variability

9 Physiological background - Heart beat variability Rest: Irregular IBI Effort: Regular IBI Inter Beat Interval or RR

10 Heart beat measurements – Pulse sensor and antenna – Software: measurement and analysis

11 Physiological information Time trace Time domain Frequency domain Non-lineair 0.04 – 0.15 Hz: LF Sympathetic, but also parasympathetic 0.15 – 0.40 Hz: HF Parasympathetic Mean RR, SD RR SD1, SD2 LF, HF

12 Components Subjective Objective PERFORMANCE WORKLOAD Expert rating Candidate rating Secondary task Physiological measurements Performance criteria

13 Secondary task information Easy situationDifficult situation

14 Experiment set-up – Pilot team training – Journey of cruise vessel along the river – 8 different specific locations are trained (easy, moderate, difficult) – Important safety aspect, exceptional situation – Get insight in workload and limits

15 Other results – Different goals: – Long term observation – day – Variable study – run – Example: easy – difficult situation – Finding causes – within run – Example: through lock

16 Results – Comparison 7 easy / difficult situations RSME score PDT results Physiological Performance rating criteria Mean: 33 mean: 87 Mean: 6 % mean: 36 % Physiological value Easy situation Difficult situation expectation RR8882easy > diff SD RR103105easy > diff LowFreq100117easy < diff HighFreq12999easy > diff SD113392easy > diff SD easy > diff PerformanceEasy situationDifficult situation Expert rating7 x good6 x good 1 x moderate Performance criteriaComparable results

17 Results – causes (lock passage – Bow position) In lock: Concentration Missing 2 nd task Line up: Concentration Missing 2 nd task Bow actions stern outside lock: Relaxation RR larger Better 2 nd task?

18 Results – causes (lock passage – Pods position) In lock: Concentration Missing 2 nd task Pods actions stern outside lock: Relaxation Better 2 nd task Line up: Concentration Missing 2 nd task

19 Results – causes (rest measurement) exercisesthoughts

20 The other way around?! - results of experiment are promising - Next step: controlled parameter study changing parameters and measure effects can change in measure situation and find causing parameters

21 The way forward in maritime applications? Imagine you could….. Demonstrate equal workload with less crew Show the impact of ergonomic bridge design on crew performance Measure workload during operations

22 The way forward in maritime applications? Imagine you could ….. Determine the optimum amount of exercises you can offer in a training. Give a description of human performance for implementation in safety models Optimize the sector size for VTS operators

23 The way forward in maritime applications ! – Upcoming interest in Human Factors – Increasing awareness of importance of HF – Wide field full of possibilities and applications – Lot of opportunities to join different working fields

24 Thank you