May 2016 Integrated Training Methodology - Literature Review -

Integrated Training Methodology/2 By Aspire Academy INTEGRATED TRAINING: What is integrated training? "It is based on breaking down the complexity of the competition into simplified situations to be carried out during the training session. These situations allow the players to be developed around all aspects of the game"

Integrated Training Methodology/3 By Aspire Academy SMALL SIDED GAMES What are small sided games? "Small Sided Games (SSGs) are the most common training tool employed to recreate these simplified situations“ This review will provide a detailed analysis of how running performance is effected by the various formats of small sided games

Integrated Training Methodology/4 By Aspire Academy SSGs Formats PossessionGames with GKs Games with Small Goals (no GKs) SSGs Formats Typically Investigated

Integrated Training Methodology/5 By Aspire Academy SSGs Format: POSSESSION Summary of Studies Examining Running Performance during SSGs (Possession) StudyLevelFormat GameTotal PlayersTraining PrescriptionType of Game Pith Dimensions (Width) Pitch Dimensions (Length) Total Area player (m 2 ) TD (min) Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/1 Touches84x4'/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2011*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/1 Touches84x4/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro3v3+4 (outside)/2 Touches64x3'/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/2 Touches84x4'/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2011*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/2 Touches84x4/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro4v4+4 (outside)/2 Touches84x4'/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/Free Touches84x4'/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2011*Senior Pro4vs4+4 (outside)/Free Touches84x4/3'Possession Dellal et al., 2012*Senior Pro2v2+4 (outside)/2 Touches44x2'/3'Possession Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth4vs484x4'/2'Possession Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth3vs364x3'/2'Possession Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth2vs244x2'/2'Possession Casimichana et al., 2012Senior Semi-Pro5vs5104x4'/1Possession Casimichana et al., 2012Senior Semi-Pro5vs5102x8'/2Possession Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Professional10vs10/2 Touches201X4'Possession Casimichana et al., 2012Senior Semi-Pro5vs5101x16'Possession Casimichana et al., 2014Senior Semi-Pro6vs6/2 Touches121x12'Possession Casimichana et al., 2014Senior Semi-Pro6vs6/Free Touches121x12'Possession Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Professional7vs7/2 Touches141X4'Possession Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Professional5vs5/2 Touches101X4'Possession Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro7vs7141x6'Possession Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro5vs5101x6'Possession Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro3vs361x6'Possession * Data extracted from the studies highlighted in grey are neither presented in the graphs nor considered for further discussion as the data points are considered outliers.

Integrated Training Methodology/6 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Possession): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Playing Area per Player Study Area player (m 2 ) TD (m.min -1 ) Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/7 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Possession): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Number of Players StudyTotal Players TD (m.min -1 ) Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/8 By Aspire Academy SSG (Possession) Training Drill with the Highest Total Distance Covered o Elite Academy Players (16.5 yrs) o 4vs4 o 4 X 4’ / 2’ passive o 25m X 32m o Maintain possession of the ball for as long as possible o 135m.min -1 o (Koklu et al., 2015)

Integrated Training Methodology/9 By Aspire Academy o Elite Academy Players (16.5 yrs) o 3vs3 o 4 X 4’ / 2’ passive o 20m X 30m o Maintain possession of the ball for as long as possible. o 132m.min -1 o (Koklu et al., 2015) SSG (Possession) Training Drill with the Second Highest Total Distance Covered

Integrated Training Methodology/10 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Possession): Relationship Between Peak Speed and Playing Area per Player Study Area player (m 2 ) Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana et al., Casamichana et al., *Red dotted line represents typical average maximum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Bradley et al., 2009)

Integrated Training Methodology/11 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Possession): Relationship Between Peak Speed and Number of Players StudyTotal Players Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Casimichana et al., Casimichana et al., *Red dotted line represents typical average maximum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Bradley et al., 2009)

Integrated Training Methodology/12 By Aspire Academy o Elite English Premier League Players o 7vs7 o 1 X 4’ o 37m X 37m o Maximum 2 touches o To keep the ball for longer than the opposing team. o 26 km.hr -1 o (Gaudino et al., 2014) SSG (Possession) Training Drill with the Highest Peak Speed

Integrated Training Methodology/13 By Aspire Academy Summary of Studies Examining Running Performance during SSGs (Small Sided Games with Small Goals– no Goalkeepers SSGs Format: GAMES WITH SMALL GOALS (no GKs) StudyLevelFormat GameTotal PlayersTraining PrescriptionType of Game Pith Dimensions (Width) Pitch Dimensions (Length) Total Area Player (m 2 ) TD TD (min) Ade et al., 2014Elite Pro1vs128x30''/2'No GK + Small Goals Ade et al., 2014Elite Pro2vs248x1'/1'No GK + Small Goals Koklu et al., 2012Elite Youth4vs484x4'/2'No GK + Small Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro7vs7141x6'No GK + Small Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro5vs5101x6'No GK + Small Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro3vs361x6'No GK + Small Goals

Integrated Training Methodology/14 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with Small Goals - no GKs): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Playing Area per Player Study Area Player (m 2 ) TD (m.min -1 ) Ade et al., Ade et al., Koklu et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/15 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with Small Goals - no GKs): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Number of Players StudyTotal Players TD (m.min -1 ) Ade et al., Ade et al., Koklu et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/16 By Aspire Academy o Elite Academy Players (17.0 yrs) o 1vs1 o 8 X 30’’ o 27m X 18m o The player or team that scored goal retained possession but had to return to their half to receive the next ball from the coach. o 172m.min -1 o (Ade et al., 2014) SSGs (Games with Small Goals - no GKs): Drills with the Highest Peak Speed

Integrated Training Methodology/17 By Aspire Academy o Elite Academy Players (17.0 yrs) o 2vs2 o 8 X 1’ o 27m X 18m o The player or team that scored goal retained possession but had to return to their half to receive the next ball from the coach. o 133m.min -1 o (Ade et al., 2014) SSGs (Games with Small Goals - no GKs): Drills with the Second Highest Peak Speed

Integrated Training Methodology/18 By Aspire Academy SSGs Format: GAMES WITH GKs * Data extracted from the studies highlighted in red are neither presented in the graphs nor considered for further discussion as the data points are considered outliers. Summary of Studies Examining Running Performance during SSGs (Games with GKs) StudyLevelFormat GameTotal PlayersTraining PrescriptionType of Game Pith Dimensions (Width) Pitch Dimensions (Length) Total Area player (m 2 ) TD TD (min) Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro3vs3+GK83x5'/3'GK + Goals Stevens et al., 2015Elite Youth5vs5+GK104x7'/2'GK + Goals Stevens et al., 2015Senior Pro5vs5+GK104x7'/2'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro8vs8+GK183x5'/3'GK + Goals Casamichana & Castellano, 2010Regional Youth5vs5+GK103x8'/5'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro10vs10+GK223x5'/3'GK + Goals Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth4vs4+GK84x4'/2'GK + Goals Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth2vs2+GK44x2'/2'GK + Goals Koklu et al., 2015Elite Youth3vs3+GK64x3'/2'GK + Goals Aguiar et al., 2013Youth Pro3vs3+GK63x6'/1'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro9vs9+GK203x5'/3'GK + Goals Aguiar et al., 2013Youth Pro4vs4+GK83x6'/1'GK + Goals Casamichana & Castellano, 2010Regional Youth5vs5+GK103x8'/5'GK + Goals Christopher et al., 2016Elite Youth (EPL)5vs5+GK104x2'/45''-1'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro6vs6+GK143x5'/3'GK + Goals Christopher et al., 2016Elite Youth (EPL)5vs5+GK102x4'/1'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Pro10vs10+GK/2 Touch201X4'GK + Goals Aguiar et al., 2013Youth Pro5vs5+GK103x6'/1'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2013Senior Pro10vs10+GK201x14'GK + Goals Christopher et al., 2016Elite Youth (EPL)5vs5+GK101x8'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro7vs7+GK163x5'/3'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro5vs5+GK123x5'/3'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Pro7vs7+GK/2 Touch141X4'GK + Goals Owen et al., 2014Senior Pro4vs4+GK103x5'/3'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2013Senior Pro7vs7+GK141x8'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2014Senior Pro5vs5+GK/2 Touch101X4'GK + Goals Aguiar et al., 2013Youth Pro2v2+GK43x6'/1'GK + Goals Gaudino et al., 2013Senior Pro5vs5+GK101x5'GK + Goals Casamichana & Castellano, 2010Regional Youth5vs5+GK103x8'/5'GK + Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro5vs5+GK101x6'GK + Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro7vs7+GK141x6'GK + Goals Castellano et al., 2013Senior Semi-Pro3vs3+GK61x6'GK + Goals

Integrated Training Methodology/19 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with GKs): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Playing Area per Player Study Area Player (m 2 ) TD (m.min -1 ) Stevens et al., Stevens et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Owen et al., Owen et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Aguiar et al., Owen et al., Aguiar et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Christopher et al., Owen et al., Christopher et al., Gaudino et al., Aguiar et al., Gaudino et al., Christopher et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Aguiar et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/20 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with GKs): Relationship Between Total Distance Covered and Number of Players StudyTotal Players TD (m.min) -1 Stevens et al., Stevens et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Owen et al., Owen et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Koklu et al., Aguiar et al., Owen et al., Aguiar et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Christopher et al., Owen et al., Christopher et al., Gaudino et al., Aguiar et al., Gaudino et al., Christopher et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Aguiar et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Castellano et al., Castellano et al., Castellano et al., *Red and green dotted lines represent typical average maximum and minimum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Di Salvo et al., 2013)

Integrated Training Methodology/21 By Aspire Academy o Elite Academy Players (17.0 yrs) o 5vs5 + 2 GKs o 4 X 7’ / 2’ o 40m X 37m o Goalkeepers are restricted to a maximum of 3s of ball possession per occasion. o Game always starts with the Goalkeeper. o 126m.min -1 o (Stevens et al., 2015) SSGs (Games with GKs): Drill with the Highest Total Distance Covered

Integrated Training Methodology/22 By Aspire Academy o Regional youth players (15.5 yrs) o 5vs5 + 2 GKs o 3 X 8’ / 5’ o 62m X 44m o Possession should be determined by the run of play rather than coach instructions. o 125m.min -1 o (Casamichana & Castellano, 2010) SSGs (Games with GKs): Drill with the Second Highest Total Distance Covered

Integrated Training Methodology/23 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with GKs): Relationship Between Peak Speed and Playing Area per Player Study Area Player (m 2 ) Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Gaudino et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana & Castellano, *Red dotted line represents typical average maximum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Bradley et al., 2009)

Integrated Training Methodology/24 By Aspire Academy SSGs (Games with GKs): Relationship Between Peak Speed and Number of Players StudyTotal Players Peak Speed (km.h -1 ) Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Gaudino et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Owen et al., Casamichana & Castellano, Gaudino et al., Gaudino et al., Casamichana & Castellano, *Red dotted line represents typical average maximum total distance covered (m/min) in official matches by professional male players (Bradley et al., 2009)

Integrated Training Methodology/25 By Aspire Academy o Elite Professional Players o 6vs6 + 2 GKs o 3 X 5’ / 3’ o 54m X 45m o Normal match rules (free play). o 23.2 km.h -1 o (Owen et al., 2014) SSGs (Games with GKs) Training Drill with the Highest Peak Speed *Please note that maximum peak speed were observed in games using full, or near full, field dimensions (Owen et al. 2014), which might not be considered a SSG. Thus, the above figure details the SSG with the highest peak speed.

Integrated Training Methodology/26 By Aspire Academy o Regional youth players (15.5 yrs) o 5vs5 + 2 GKs o 3 X 8’ / 5’ o 62m X 44m o Possession should be determined by the run of play rather than coach instructions. o 23 km.h -1 o (Casamichana & Castellano, 2010) SSGs (Games with GKs) Training Drill with Second Highest Peak Speed *Please note that maximum peak speed were observed in games using full, or near full, field dimensions (Owen et al. 2014), which might not be considered a SSG. Thus, the above figure details the SSG with the second highest peak speed.

Integrated Training Methodology/27 By Aspire Academy Scatterplot of Individual Studies Data (total distance). Black horizontal lines represented median values o This information demonstrates the variation in running performance for the different SSG formats o It is clear that the rules, number of players and size of the space for each SSG format will influence running performance

Integrated Training Methodology/28 By Aspire Academy  Ade, J. D., Harley, J. A., & Bradley, P. S. (2014). Physiological response, time-motion characteristics, and reproducibility of various speed-endurance drills in elite youth soccer players: small-sided games versus generic running. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 9(3),  Aguiar, M. V., Botelho, G. M., Gonçalves, B. S., & Sampaio, J. E. (2013). Physiological responses and activity profiles of football small-sided games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(5),  Bradley PS, Sheldon W, Wooster B, Olsen P, Boanas P, Krustrup P. (2009). High-intensity running in English FA Premier League soccer matches. Journal of sports sciences, 27(2),  Casamichana, D., Castellano, J., & Castagna, C. (2012). Comparing the physical demands of friendly matches and small-sided games in semiprofessional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3),  Casamichana, D., Castellano, J., & Dellal, A. (2013). Influence of different training regimes on physical and physiological demands during small-sided soccer games: continuous vs. intermittent format. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3),  Casamichana, D., Suarez-Arrones, L., Castellano, J., & Román-Quintana, J. S. (2014). Effect of number of touches and exercise duration on the kinematic profile and heart rate response during small-sided games in soccer. Journal of human kinetics, 41(1),  Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Dellal, A. (2013). Influence of game format and number of players on heart rate responses and physical demands in small-sided soccer games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(5),  Christopher, J., Beato, M., & Hulton, A. T. (2016). Manipulation of exercise to rest ratio within set duration on physical and technical outcomes during small-sided games in elite youth soccer players. Human Movement Science, 48, 1-6.  Dellal, A., Hill-Haas, S., Lago-Penas, C., & Chamari, K. (2011). Small-sided games in soccer: amateur vs. professional players' physiological responses, physical, and technical activities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9),  Dellal, A., Owen, A., Wong, D. P., Krustrup, P., van Exsel, M., & Mallo, J. (2012). Technical and physical demands of small vs. large sided games in relation to playing position in elite soccer. Human movement science, 31(4), References

Integrated Training Methodology/29 By Aspire Academy  Dellal, A., Varliette, C., Owen, A., Chirico, E. N., & Pialoux, V. (2012). Small-sided games versus interval training in amateur soccer players: effects on the aerobic capacity and the ability to perform intermittent exercises with changes of direction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(10),  Dellal, A., Drust, B., & Lago-Penas, C. (2012). Variation of activity demands in small-sided soccer games. Int J Sports Med, 33(5),  Di Salvo V, Pigozzi F, González-Haro C, Laughlin MS, De Witt JK. (2013). Match performance comparison in top English soccer leagues. International journal of sports medicine, 34(6),  Gaudino, P., Iaia, F. M., Alberti, G., Strudwick, A. J., Atkinson, G., & Gregson, W. (2013). Monitoring training in elite soccer players: systematic bias between running speed and metabolic power data. Int J Sports Med, 34(11),  Gaudino, P., Alberti, G., & Iaia, F. M. (2014). Estimated metabolic and mechanical demands during different small-sided games in elite soccer players. Human movement science, 36,  Köklü, Y., Sert, Ö., Alemdaroglu, U., & Arslan, Y. (2015). Comparison of the Physiological Responses and Time-Motion Characteristics of Young Soccer Players in Small-Sided Games: The Effect of Goalkeeper. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(4),  Owen, A. L., Wong, D. P., Paul, D., Dellal, A., & Owen, A. L. (2014). Physical and technical comparisons between various-sided games within professional soccer. International journal of sports medicine, 35(4),  Stevens, T. G. A., De Ruiter, C. J., Beek, P. J., & Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2016). Validity and reliability of 6-a-side small-sided game locomotor performance in assessing physical fitness in football players. Journal of sports sciences, 34(6), References

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