Chapter 9 Review Mr. Klein

Washington’s Presidency On April 30, 1789 Washington becomes president. John Adams is vice-president. Washington’s decisions and actions create precedents: Establishes cabinet – group of advisors. Cabinet – Jefferson Secretary of State, Hamilton Secretary of Treasury, Knox Secretary of War, Randolph Attorney General. Establishes federal court system – John Jay chosen as Chief Justice. Bill of Rights passed for first 10 Amendments.

Hamilton’s New Economy Hamilton had a difficult job, the country was in great debt and faced serious financial trouble. National government takes over all state debts to pay them off. This builds national credit and makes it easier to borrow money. Gives states interest in success of the national government. South opposed but a compromise was reached where the south would agree to government paying their debts and the capital would be located in the south. National bank established and one currency for all states. Issued low tariffs on imports and instituted some taxes - one being on whiskey.

Trouble and Treaties Whiskey Rebellion - Farmers in Western Pennsylvania upset by the whiskey tax attack tax collectors and burn down buildings. Washington sends in Federal troops to put down rioters. British and Spanish rile up Native American anger to attack settlers. Army under general St. Clair is defeated by Little Turtle a Miami chief. Washington brings in Anthony Wayne who wins the battle of Fallen Timbers. Treaty of Greenville – gives most of Ohio to the U.S.

European trouble and treaties French Revolution – at first Americans support but after “the terror” Americans are divided. Jay’s Treaty – Americans upset with impressment send John Jay to negotiate. Jay’s treaty gets the British to leave American soil. No mention of impressment or interfering with trade. Pinckney’s Treaty – gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi river. Washington’s Farewell address warns Americans against foreign alliances and political parties.

Political Parties Federalists – led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. Wanted a strong central government and that Constitution gave them implied powers to make changes. Wanted a representative government with fewer and wealthier people in charge. Democratic-Republicans – Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Rejected implied powers. Congress only has those specifically enumerated in the Constitution. Against establishment of National bank. Believed that ordinary people take part in government. Federalist John Adams wins presidential election in 1796.

John Adams Presidency John Adams presidency is troubled. French saw Jay’s treaty as helping the British so they seized American shipping. French send three agents to Americans demanding a bribe. Came to be known as the XYZ affair and America almost goes to war with France. Alien & Sedition Acts – give president power in imprison and deport aliens or those considered dangerous. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions of 1789 say Alien & Sedition acts are unconstitutional. Federalists want war with France but Adams signs a treaty instead. Adams becomes unpopular and Hamilton and his supporters don’t support him.