STAAR Review The 13 Colonies

Why did the Europeans explore? God – spread religion Glory – fame Gold – wealth North America – Spanish, French, English, and Dutch

Jamestown Founded in 1607 1st permanent English colony (remember Roanoke failed) Tobacco saved the colony Elected assembly known as the House of Burgesses

Plymouth Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 Escaping religious persecution in England Wrote the Mayflower Compact on their boat – promised to work together for government

13 Colonies Plymouth Colony Jamestown Colony

13 Colonies New England Colonies Land was rocky and hard to farm with forests Weather – short growing season & long winters Economics – shipping & trading Reason founded –Religious Freedom 13 Colonies

13 Colonies Middle Colonies Land – fertile Weather - good growing season – winter not too bad Economics – shipping and small farms (breadbasket colonies) Reason founded –Religious Freedom – 13 Colonies

13 Colonies Southern Colonies Land – fertile Weather -Mild Winters and good growing seasons Economics – Agriculture – cash crops Reason founded – economic

Foundations of Representative Government Magna Carta – 1215 English Document Mayflower Compact – 1620 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st written constitution in North America Virginia House of Burgesses English Bill of Rights – 1689 English Document

The Great Awakening Ministers emphasized the importance of religious feelings Colonists were told to study the Bible for themselves Emphasized people’s equality in the eyes of God

They took fish, furs, and fruit to England and Europe to trade for manufactured goods. These colonial merchant ships followed many different trading routes. Some went directly to England and back.

Others followed routes called the triangular trade because the routes formed a triangle.

The ships brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies to the New England colonies.

In New England, the molasses would be made into rum In New England, the molasses would be made into rum. Next, the rum and other goods were shipped to West Africa and traded for slaves.

On the final leg of the route, known as the Middle Passage, the enslaved Africans were taken to the West Indies where they were sold to plantations.

Mercantilism

Mercantilism What the economy of the British colonies was based on Parliament passed laws controlling the trade of the colonies in order to benefit the “Mother Country”. This unequal trade increased the wealth of the mother country

Salutary Neglect The term means benefitting from not enforcing laws. By not forcing its American colonies to follow all parliamentary laws, Britain allowed America to remain attractive to new immigrants and to prosper economically through lax regulation of trade. It was only when Britain moved away from self- government and toward new regulations and taxes that the colonists became increasingly dissatisfied with British rule.

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